Vascular malformations are abnormalities that occur within blood vessels throughout the body. They often cause physical defects, such as birthmarks. Depending on where in the body they develop, they may also affect function and cause discomfort.
However, one type of vascular malformation is linked to more serious, sometimes life-threatening, health effects. Arteriovenous malformations impact how arteries and veins connect to each other, which can lead to several health issues.
Faulty connections between arteries and veins can prevent oxygenated blood from reaching numerous areas of the body. Depending on where the malformation occurs, serious health problems can affect organs and other tissues.
Malformed vessels can also become weak over time, which may result in them bursting. This may lead to uncontrolled bleeding known as a haemorrhage. Symptoms of arteriovenous malformations often include:
These symptoms should be evaluated by a physician as soon as possible. In addition to arteriovenous malformations, these symptoms can also signal other serious health problems.
Arteriovenous malformations can form anywhere in the body, but they are particularly dangerous when they develop within the brain. Should the vessel rupture, haemorrhage and seizures may occur. Arteriovenous malformations can also deprive the brain of essential oxygen or potentially cause an aneurysm.
Not all arteriovenous malformations require treatment, as doctors may choose to monitor the condition instead. When treatment is necessary, patients may be given medication, but most often they will undergo surgery. Surgery can block the abnormal connections between arteries and veins, which deprives them of blood flow. By getting treatment, patients can avoid some of the more harmful effects of this type of vascular malformation.