Vascular malformations result from abnormalities in the arteries, veins, and vessels responsible for carrying lymphatic fluid. Most malformations can be effectively treated and some only cause minor to moderate health effects. Others are associated with more serious, sometimes life-threatening complications and require timely treatment as a result.
Symptoms of vascular malformations vary according to the part of the body affected. Abnormalities that affect the lymph vessels and veins can lead to birthmarks, which may bleed or leak lymphatic fluid. These vascular malformations can also cause discomfort and affect the functionality of joints. In the event malformations develop within an organ, dysfunction of that organ can occur.
Arteriovenous malformations, which affect both arteries and veins, are associated with more serious health effects. These are known as fast-flow vascular malformations, meaning blood flows rapidly from arteries to veins, which can lead to uncontrolled bleeding. While complications like strokes, aneurysms, and heart failure can occur, treatment is often effective.
Regardless of the type of vascular malformation, embolization, sclerotherapy, and other surgical procedures can close abnormal vessels and alleviate symptoms. Most people make a full recovery from vascular malformations when treatment is sought in a timely manner.
Vascular malformations can sometimes be identified by the birthmarks they cause, as well as other symptoms. However, not all vascular abnormalities cause symptoms, in which case a person may learn of the condition while undergoing one or more of the following tests to evaluate another health issue:
Along with standard ultrasounds, doctors can also perform a vascular ultrasound, which uses high-frequency soundwaves to evaluate blood flow in vessels.