Carotid artery stenosis is characterized by a narrowing of the carotid arteries, which transfer oxygenated blood to the brain. As the interior of the arteries becomes narrower, the risk of stroke increases. However, the condition may not cause any symptoms initially, which can prevent a person from seeking the medical treatment they need to avoid serious health problems.
Doctors can sometimes identify the presence of plaque in the arteries via physical exams. As the blood vessels become narrow, they can create a specific sound (also called bruit) that indicates obstructions within the arteries.
Doctors can also diagnose asymptomatic carotid stenosis with imaging tests. Ultrasounds are used to evaluate blood flow and pressure, while CTs and MRIs can look for damage within the brain (some people with carotid stenosis will experience mini strokes leading up to a more serious ischemic stroke). Depending on the level of stenosis within the arteries, these exams and tests may occur yearly or every six months.
More severe instances of carotid stenosis may be treated with surgery, but medication is typically used for asymptomatic cases. Antiplatelet medications prevent blood from binding together to stop arteries from becoming more clogged. These drugs can also stop dangerous blood clots from forming, which also increases a person’s risk of stroke.
Medications that reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels may also be recommended to asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients. Medication regimens are typically most effective when a person combines them with healthy habits.
In addition to medication, doctors also encourage people with carotid stenosis to do the following:
While advanced treatment may still be necessary, leading a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the impact of carotid stenosis.