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Dental Erosion: Aetiology

Tooth enamel is an incredibly hard substance that protects the interior of teeth. With dental erosion, enamel becomes weaker, which leads to staining, cavities, and other oral issues.

Dental erosion is a common health problem. When caught early, eroded enamel can be effectively treated, and future damage can be prevented. Without treatment, dental erosion will become more serious and potentially lead to tooth loss and other effects.

Stages of Enamel Erosion

Dental erosion does not happen all at once. Instead, oral issues cause gradual problems with your teeth over the course of several stages:

  • Initial Demineralization – During this early stage, you’ll experience increased sensitivity, often with hot and/or cold food and drinks. You may also notice the development of white spots on your teeth. 
  • Surface Weakening – Teeth may exhibit a yellowish shade as the enamel breaks down and the underlying dentin is revealed. Sensitivity will increase, particularly with sweet and acidic foods. 
  • Enamel Thinning – Sensitivity of the teeth will steadily worsen as enamel continues to wear down. The surface of enamel may also develop indentations. 
  • Substantial Enamel Loss – Dentin may be completely exposed at this stage. Eating and drinking will become challenging, while visible damage to the teeth (including cracks and chips) may occur. 
  • Widespread Tooth Damage – Enamel sensitivity will give way to substantial pain and discomfort. Cavities may be present, along with infections. When erosion is severe, tooth loss can occur in advanced stages.

 

What Causes Enamel to Break Down?

Lack of brushing and flossing at home is a leading cause of dental erosion. Your diet can also play a role, as steady consumption of sugary and acidic foods and beverages contributes to the breakdown of enamel. Other causes include:

  • Chronic acid reflux
  • Problems with dry mouth
  • Grinding your teeth at night
  • Brushing teeth too hard
  • Medications that affect saliva production

Research indicates that some people may be more vulnerable to dental erosion due to genetic factors. However, a healthy diet and proper dental care can prevent erosion, cavities, and tooth loss, regardless of your family history.

 

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment of dental erosion depends on its stage. During the first stage (initial demineralization), better brushing plus fluoride treatments from a dentist may be sufficient in reversing damage. In later stages, patients may need a root canal to remove damaged areas, along with crowns to fortify teeth. Restorative procedures like veneers and bonding may also be necessary to improve one’s appearance.

The best way to avoid the many problems associated with dental erosion is to take proper care of your teeth and be mindful of your diet. This requires:

  • Brushing with fluoride toothpaste twice per day
  • Flossing between teeth at least once per day
  • Visiting your dentist for cleanings twice a year
  • Avoiding sugary foods and drinks

If you notice new pain or sensitivity, schedule a checkup with your dentist right away. They can determine the scope of the dental erosion and recommend suitable treatment to address it

 
 
 

The content appearing on this site is not intended to treat, diagnose, or provide health care advice. The articles you read here are meant for informational purposes only. Please review additional information to learn more.