The lungs help to supply every cell in the body with vital oxygen. Without this gas, cells would die. These large organs are the central part of the respiratory system. They provide the blood with oxygen and help remove gasses such as carbon dioxide from the body.
The respiratory system also protects the body from harmful substances by removing them through filtration. Coughing, sneezing, and the production of mucus also help to expel these foreign bodies. However, since the lungs are the first line of defence against pollutants and other harmful substances, it does make them susceptible to diseases such as lung cancer.
Lung cancer is a common form of cancer that has few symptoms in the early stages. There are two main types of lung cancer, and these are non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.
Non-small cell lung cancer is the most diagnosed type of lung cancer. It can be adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or large-cell carcinoma.
Small-cell lung cancer is a fast spreading less common form of lung cancer. Treatment is determined by what type of lung cancer is present.
The symptoms of lung cancer can include coughing up blood, or a persistent cough, breathlessness, fatigue, weight loss, and aches and pains in the lungs when breathing.
There are various causes of lung cancer. Some are environmental, occupational, or from smoking. The environment, especially in big cities, is polluted with toxins such as those from traffic fumes, and these are breathed into the lungs. Not everyone who breathes in these pollutants will develop lung cancer, but it is a risk factor.
Occupations that place individuals in direct contact with substances such as asbestos and coal dust increase the risk of developing lung cancer. This is due to dust from these substances accumulating in the lining of the lungs.
Smoking is a major contributor of lung cancer, and this includes passive smoking. Cigars and cigarettes contain numerous types of chemicals that can damage the lungs and cause mutations to develop in the cells of these organs. Those who smoke regularly increase their chances of developing lung cancer markedly. This is because there is an excess of 60 carcinogenic substances in each cigarette alone.
Diagnosis of lung cancer includes a breakdown of an individual’s general health and a discussion of their symptoms. A breathing test may be carried out along with blood tests, chest X-ray and additional tests as needed. If an X-ray suggests the presence of lung cancer, then a CT scan along with a biopsy may also be performed.
The surgical removal of tumours is the most common treatment for lung cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may also be performed to prevent cancer spread and extend life.
Even though anyone can develop lung cancer, not smoking is an important step in lung cancer prevention. As is limiting exposure to other carcinogens, such as asbestos dust and mask-wearing when working with hazardous substances, can help too.
A balanced diet rich in antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, along with regular exercise, can help prevent lung cancer and cancers in general from developing.