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Hypothermia in Newborns

Hypothermia is when a newborn baby’s body temperature is too low. Normal body temperature for a baby is 36.5 – 37.5° C. Hypothermia is a temperature that is less than 36.5° C.

Hypothermia is categorised by its severity:

  • Mild hypothermia: a temperature of 36.0 – 36.4° C
  • Moderate hypothermia: a temperature of 32.0 – 35.9° C
  • Severe hypothermia: a temperature of less than 32.0° C

Symptoms

An infant with hypothermia often does not shiver. This can make it difficult to diagnose without taking their temperature. Some other symptoms may include:

  • Low heart rate
  • Breathing too fast
  • Long pauses between breaths (apnoeas)
  • Lethargy
  • Fussiness
  • Difficulty with feeding
  • Cold hands or feet
  • Bluish colour of the hands or feet

Causes

Babies cannot regulate their body temperature as well as older children and adults. Pre-term infants have more difficulty than normal term infants. Their physical surroundings also play a part. The two together make babies prone to hypothermia.

Some physical factors which can play a part include:

  • Delivery room is too cold
  • The baby is wet from birthing fluids
  • Placing the baby on a cool or cold surface
  • Cool air blowing in the delivery room

Some other factors which can contribute include:

  • Drug withdrawal
  • Infections
  • Bleeding inside the skull

Reference Articles

Risk Factors

There are several risk factors for hypothermia or its complications, such as:

  • Pre-term birth
  • Low birth weight
  • Mother with high blood pressure
  • Delivery via Caesarean section
  • Need for resuscitation at birth
  • Infant with low blood sugar
  • Infants, particularly pre-term infants, with other breathing problems

Diagnosis

Hypothermia is diagnosed by measuring an infant’s body temperature with an instrument called a thermometer.

Complications

There are several potential complications of hypothermia, including:

  • Slowed growth
  • Not gaining weight normally
  • Worsening breathing problems
  • Worse infection
  • Sepsis (a severe and life-threatening response to an infection)
  • Death

Treatment

The treatment for hypothermia is rewarming. There are several instruments in a hospital which can help, including:

  • An incubator – a clear, enclosed box which keeps the temperature levels right for the baby
  • A radiant warmer – an open tray with a warming device placed overhead
  • A heated mattress

All these devices use a temperature monitor on the baby’s skin to make sure that the baby is not too hot and not too cold.

A baby may also be placed into a special bag or cap to help keep them warm.

Prevention

Hypothermia can be prevented in many cases by doing the following:

  • Keeping the delivery room at a constant temperature of 25 to 28° C
  • Drying a newborn right after delivery
  • Placing a newborn for skin-to-skin contact with the mother. This means the baby wears only a nappy and a hat while sitting upright between the mother’s breasts. Besides helping prevent hypothermia, this can also help the baby start to breastfeed earlier, improves heart rate and oxygen levels, and promotes bonding between the baby and their mother
  • Keeping the infant covered
  • Swaddling with warm blankets after delivery, including the baby’s head
  • Placing a pre-term infant in a special bag designed to keep them warm right after birth
  • For children born with other illnesses, placing them in an incubator or radiant warmer right after birth or treatment for other conditions

Hypothermia in newborn’s is a concern, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms to help ensure the safety of your child.

 
 
 

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