The inside of the lungs contains bronchial tubes, which help to carry oxygenated air through these organs and around the body. During an attack of acute bronchitis, which is an infection of the airways, these tubes become inflamed and fill with a thick fluid called mucus.
Bronchitis can appear in two forms, chronic, which is reoccurring, and long-lasting. This form is usually caused by smoking. Or bronchitis can be acute, lasting for only short periods of time, such as during an infection with a winter virus.
Both types usually last a few days at a time, but a cough associated with this condition can last much longer, and chronic bronchitis can reoccur at any time.
There are numerous symptoms that accompany acute bronchitis other than a cough. These include chills, fever, body aches, wheezing, and shortness of breath, as a result of the bronchial tubes becoming inflamed and filled with mucus. This is mostly a result of a viral infection, and a feeling of chest tightness can accompany this illness.
The virus usually first affects the nose and throat, causing cold-like symptoms. Once it enters the lungs and the immune system starts its attack on the virus, inflammation and mucus production then lead to respiratory symptoms such as breathing difficulties.
Much like the common cold, acute bronchitis is mostly caused by close contact with those who are infected with the virus. Breathing in the virus allows it to enter the lungs and multiply deep within them.
Other less common causes of acute bronchitis include bacterial and fungal infections, irritants such as dust, and regular inhalation of smoke, which can cause lung damage. Therefore, those who smoke are at increased risk of suffering from breathing difficulties if they develop acute bronchitis.
Furthermore, those who frequently suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease are also at risk of developing acute bronchitis. However, with GERD sufferers, the risk comes from stomach acid accidentally entering the lungs through choking, and much like cigarette smoke, gastric acid can damage and irritate the lining of the lungs.
A review of an individual’s symptoms and a physical examination with a stethoscope all help to diagnose acute bronchitis. Listening to the chest for wheezing can help to confirm that an active chest infection is present.
An accurate diagnosis of acute bronchitis can come from chest X-rays. These can also help to rule out other conditions, such as pneumonia.
Rest is vital whilst suffering from acute bronchitis. Plenty of sleep decreases the strain placed on the lungs and heart by respiratory infections. Medication to fight inflammation and fever can also help ease symptoms.
Inhalers can help with wheezing and chest tightness. These are especially beneficial to asthma sufferers who become ill with acute bronchitis.
Having a healthy diet that is rich in nutrients can help support the immune system. A strong immune system can help the body destroy viruses and bacteria. Good hand hygiene, along with not smoking cigars and cigarettes, can also help to prevent acute bronchitis infection.