Both allergies and colds can cause similar symptoms, such as congestion, sneezing, and runny nose. However, the causes and treatments of these conditions vary greatly. Accordingly, you should know how to differentiate between the two to ensure that you or a loved one can find the best possible treatment.
In some people, the immune system can interpret harmless substances as something dangerous. This causes an immune system response intended to rid the body of the allergen, which can include substances like:
Allergies can cause a variety of symptoms. For example, allergic rhinitis, which is better known as hay fever, causes symptoms like nasal stuffiness, swollen eyes, itchy mouth, and sneezing. These symptoms are very similar to the symptoms that colds cause, but they do not typically include sore throat. Additionally, allergies do not cause fevers, which colds often do.
Allergies are treated with medications called antihistamines. However, people with allergies are encouraged to avoid triggers. If you are not sure of your specific allergy triggers, a doctor can perform a test to determine them. For people who experience severe effects, allergy shots are another option to consider.
Colds are caused by a viral infection, which is usually acquired by inhaling infected airborne droplets. Along with fever, sore throat, and nasal symptoms, colds are also associated with:
Unlike allergies, which can cause symptoms all year long, colds usually resolve within days or weeks after the infection occurs.
Because they are caused by a virus, colds do not have a specific treatment. However, over-the-counter medications can help manage until the virus resolves. Most people do not experience serious complications with colds. However, people symptoms with weakened immune systems and certain medical conditions should pay attention to symptoms and seek medical attention if they worsen significantly.