Trying to become parents is a journey that is accompanied by the unexpected. It is not always a straightforward process, and things can and do often go wrong.
The main barriers are usually health-related, such as infertility, and this problem can sometimes only be discovered when couples try for a baby.
If infertility in one or both partners is discovered, then this is not necessarily the end of the journey, as other options are available.
So, is infertility a common problem? If so, why is this, who is at risk, and what can be done to reduce it?
Infertility affects both male and female reproductive organs and is defined by the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more whilst having regular sexual intercourse involving no forms of birth control.
Problems with infertility are thought to affect 17.5% of the population. Infertility is a major concern across the globe, with both high and low-income countries affected, which makes infertility a global challenge.
These statistics show that infertility does not discriminate and that affordable fertility care should be made accessible worldwide. This is because infertility not only affects parenthood but also causes deep emotional stress in individuals and their relationships.
The reasons behind the increase in infertility are extremely complex. Having children later in life is a growing trend in the Western world. The reasons are numerous but include financial hardship, career goals, and personal aspirations. However, fertility also naturally declines with age, making it harder to conceive.
Other reasons have been linked to general health and lifestyle problems. Poor diets leave individuals deficient in vital nutrients such as zinc, which are important for reproductive health. Lack of exercise and increased exposure to environmental pollutants such as pesticides, traffic pollution, and industrial chemicals can also affect the fertility of a population.
Obesity is associated with hormonal imbalances that can interfere with reproductive functions. Excess body weight can affect ovulation in women and decrease sperm quality in men, contributing to fertility challenges.
Fertility issues can affect anyone. However, certain factors put some individuals at greater risk than others. Those 35 and over are considered to be at a disadvantage, as fertility naturally decreases with age.
People who smoke and consume large amounts of alcohol are also at risk of becoming infertile. Individuals with medical conditions such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are also at high risk of experiencing fertility problems.
Reducing the risk of infertility involves adopting proactive measures that promote reproductive health. Maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals is a great starting point.
Engaging in regular physical activity to manage weight and reduce stress levels can also help. If possible, reducing exposure to environmental toxins and eating organic products can also boost general health.
Managing stress through relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing and avoiding smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and recreational drug use are also advisable.
The prevention of sexually transmitted infections that could affect fertility is also extremely important, so unless you are trying for a baby, safe sex should be practiced.
Communication with a healthcare professional is key, especially if planning to conceive. Regular health checks can flag any potential health conditions that can affect fertility. Healthcare providers can also discuss fertility treatments that are available if needed.
By making informed lifestyle choices and seeking professional guidance, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of infertility and enhance their chances of a successful conception journey.