Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a lung condition caused by the inhalation of airborne particles, including chemicals, bacteria, fungi, metals, mould, and proteins from plants and animals. Repeatedly inhaling these substances can damage the lungs, which can majorly impact their function over time.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be acute, meaning the condition only causes effects during the short term, or chronic, which means health effects are lasting. In both cases, doctors can prescribe medications to alleviate symptoms and stop the condition from progressing. Treatments include medications, such as corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, and oxygen therapy. If lung function is severely compromised, doctors may also recommend a lung transplant.
Along with treatment, individuals with hypersensitivity pneumonitis must also avoid inhaling airborne particles capable of causing damage to the lungs. This is the only way to prevent inflammation from occurring, otherwise the condition will get progressively worse over time, even when the proper treatment is sought.
People can significantly lower their risk of lung damage by taking the following steps:
It is not possible to reverse lung damage that has already occurred, but the proper treatment and lifestyle changes can keep symptoms at bay for a longer period.