Geographic tongue is a benign oral condition that causes red, smooth patches to form on the tongue. Most people do not experience symptoms, other than a change in appearance, but geographic tongue can sometimes cause a burning sensation, particularly with spicy and acidic foods. People with allergies, eczema, and other medical conditions have a higher risk.
There is no cure for geographic tongue, but there are several treatments that can alleviate uncomfortable symptoms like oral pain and burning. For instance, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical pain relievers help control discomfort, and both medications can be procured over the counter. Doctors can also recommend a mouth rinse containing antihistamines, which treats allergic symptoms.
Lacking certain essential nutrients has been known to increase one’s risk of developing geographic tongue. Research shows that people who are deficient in vitamin B and minerals like folic acid, zinc, and iron have an increased chance of experiencing this oral malady. Replacing deficient nutrients via supplements may lower your risk, as well as prevent other health issues.
Geographic tongue is not associated with serious health effects, and the problem often goes away on its own. Additionally, some people have the condition and experience no symptoms.
However, the symptoms of geographic tongue can overlap with more serious disorders, including oral cancer. As a result, any changes to the tongue should be assessed by a dentist immediately. That way, you can rest assured of an accurate diagnosis.