Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells that form the lining of the uterus. These cells comprise the endometrium. This cancer might also be called uterine cancer. This kind of cancer is usually detected relatively early because it causes characteristic vaginal bleeding.
The most common signs of endometrial cancer are:
The cause of endometrial cancer is not well understood. Cancer cells are cells that divide too rapidly, forming tumours and growths. It is not known why these cells suddenly cease to behave as healthy cells should. The cancer cells that are present in the uterus can spread from this organ to the rest of the body if the cancer is not detected early.
The risk factors for endometrial cancer are:
Diagnosis of this kind of cancer usually begins with an examination of the uterus. Transvaginal ultrasound can be ordered, and a hysteroscopy might be done to look at the inside of the uterus as well. Tissue from the uterus will be removed for biopsy as well. Once cancer has been detected, an oncologist will be asked to determine the kind of cancer and the stage of the cancer. This specialist will help to guide the treatment process through their work to stage the cancer and identify the specific type of cancer that is present.
Prevention of this kind of cancer might not be possible. However, taking birth control pills and being on carefully managed hormone therapy after menopause might reduce your risk of getting endometrial cancer. You should also maintain a healthy weight, eat a healthy diet and get enough exercise. Women should also maintain the recommended schedule of annual checkups related to their reproductive health.
Treatment of this kind of cancer will almost always involve surgery to remove the diseased tissue. In many patients, a full hysterectomy will be recommended. Drug treatments for endometrial cancer will also usually be required, and some patients will need chemotherapy as well as ongoing hormone therapy to remain in remission. There are some drugs that target cancer cells specifically, as well as immunotherapy agents that have been shown to be effective in treating this type of cancer.