Everyone will have their blood pressure checked at some point in their lifetime, mostly because it is part of a routine health check when visiting a doctor. It is also one of the first things that is examined when a patient is unwell or taken into hospital. But what do all the numbers mean, and what can they tell a doctor about the general health of an individual’s cardiovascular system?
Blood pressure refers to the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it around the body. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). It is expressed as two numbers, such as 120/80 mmHg.
The first number is referred to as the systolic pressure reading. This number indicates the amount of pressure in the arteries that occurs when the heart beats and pumps out blood. The second number is diastolic pressure, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. Both numbers are utilized in determining the overall blood pressure level.
When blood pressure is taken, the result is systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. If you have a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg, it means that the systolic pressure is 120 and the diastolic pressure is 80.
Generally, blood pressure numbers are categorised as follows: Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg. Elevated: 120-129/80 mmHg, Hypertension Stage 1: 130-139/80-89 mmHg, and Hypertension Stage 2: 140 or higher/90 or higher mmHg.
It is important to note that a single reading may not be enough to diagnose high blood pressure, as it can fluctuate throughout the day. A diagnosis of high blood pressure usually requires multiple readings over time, and the numbers must continue to be consistently high.
Furthermore, blood pressure is usually taken three times within 15 minutes, and the last reading is typically the most accurate of them all.
Healthy blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg. These numbers indicate that the heart is pumping blood effectively, and the arteries are not being overly strained. However, it is important to remember that various factors can have an influence on blood pressure. These include stress, physical activity, lack of sleep, and time of day.
However, maintaining a healthy blood pressure level is vital for overall heart health and can help prevent a range of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke.
If an individual’s blood pressure falls into the elevated or hypertension categories, then discussing potential lifestyle changes with a doctor can help. Medications can also be prescribed to manage and prevent any possible continual rise.
Many lifestyle changes can be made to help optimize blood pressure and maintain a healthy level. These changes include the following:
Excess weight can put a strain on the heart and increase blood pressure. Maintenance of a healthy weight through exercise and a healthy diet can help ensure blood pressure stays lower. Furthermore, having the ideal weight-to-height ratio can help keep blood pressure within the normal range.
A diet rich in lean proteins, whole grains, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables can help lower blood pressure. It is important to avoid added sugars, excessive sodium, and saturated fats, as these can contribute to high blood pressure.
Consistent physical activity can help lower blood pressure and maintain overall heart health. At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week can also help to maintain general fitness.
Stress can contribute to high blood pressure, so finding healthy ways to manage stress can be beneficial. Consider deep breathing exercises, meditation, and yoga.
Both alcohol and caffeine can contribute to high blood pressure, so it is important to consume them in moderation.
Going to a doctor on a regular basis can help you monitor your blood pressure and identify any potential issues early on.