Also known as adrenal insufficiency, Addison’s disease is a rare condition that occurs when the adrenal gland produces an inadequate amount of cortisol, a stress hormone that’s involved in numerous bodily functions. Addison’s disease can also affect the production of aldosterone, which controls sodium levels in the blood to regulate blood pressure.
Symptoms of Addison’s disease often progress slowly, which can make it difficult to diagnose. For many people, the condition only becomes apparent after a medical condition or injury. Symptoms can include:
Some people may experience Addisonian crisis, which is when symptoms appear abruptly. Acute adrenal failure is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent severe health effects. Symptoms of acute adrenal failure include confusion, significant weakness, and substantial abdominal pain.
While Addison’s disease can cause very serious health issues, hormone replacement therapy has proven to be an effective treatment. Taking oral corticosteroids can address low levels of cortisol in the body. These medications are taken at different times of the day to mimic the natural cortisol fluctuations that occur.
In the event that Addison’s disease reduces aldosterone levels, fludrocortisone acetate can replace the hormone. If acute adrenal failure occurs, doctors will administer intravenous corticosteroids and saline solutions.
People with Addison’s disease must take medications for the rest of their lives to support bodily functions. Also, it’s crucial that individuals with the condition take medication according to schedule and never skip doses.