An epidural hematoma occurs when blood becomes trapped between the skull and the protective membrane that covers the brain (known as the dura mater). Bleeding issues can also take place in the spine, in which case the condition is called spinal epidural hematoma.
Spinal epidural hematomas can sometimes result from injuries, but many people develop this condition due to blood thinner medication or medical conditions that affect blood clotting ability. Prompt treatment is crucial, which typically entails a combination of surgical procedures and medications.
Epidural hematoma is a medical emergency and typically requires surgery to prevent more serious, potentially life-threatening, health effects. While smaller instances of bleeding may be monitored, a substantial spinal epidural hematoma will likely require a laminectomy, which involves the removal of bone tissue to relieve pressure in the spine caused by the accumulation of blood.
Swelling is a major concern after any surgery, but it is especially problematic in the aftermath of an epidural hematoma. Accordingly, doctors may follow-up surgery with a course of anti-inflammatory drugs, which includes medications like glycerol and mannitol. If there are concerns about seizures, doctors may also prescribe anti-seizure medication. This medication may need to be taken for a period of time until proper healing has taken place.
Spinal epidural hematomas do not always cause symptoms, but when they do occur, complaints of sudden, severe back pain that increases with movement are common. Patients with this condition may also experience difficulty with motor skills and sensation, although these symptoms typically present long after the back pain appears.
It is important to have all new symptoms assessed immediately, as timely medical evaluation can help you avoid the following complications:
These effects depend on the severity of the bleed and how quickly it is addressed by medical professionals.