Orthopaedic disorders cause dysfunction of the bones and joints. Some of these disorders result from injuries, such as fractures. Others are associated with degenerative health conditions, including different forms of arthritis. Bone and joint pain can also result from repetitive stress injuries, which include carpal tunnel syndrome.
People with orthopaedic disorders often receive a combination of treatments to improve function and reduce discomfort. For instance, surgical procedures and physical therapy are common treatment regimens. Medication can also be used to limit some of the ill-effects of orthopaedic disorders.
These drugs are usually administered via a shot or taken orally. They work by reducing swelling in the joints, which then eases pain and dysfunction. Oral steroids are associated with unwanted effects when taken for an extended period. This includes stomach ulcers, weight gain, and increased blood sugar levels. They can also cause bone density to decrease, which is why doctors typically monitor bone density during treatments. Because of these possible effects, most oral steroid regimens only last up to two weeks.
This class of drugs includes non-prescription medications, such as ibuprofen and aspirin. Along with relieving pain, they can also reduce swelling and stiffness. They’re often provided to patients experiencing a moderate level of pain. However, they are linked to some side effects, including stomach ulcers, fluid retention, and abnormal bleeding.
In cases where pain is more severe, doctors may choose to prescribe narcotic medications like oxycodone or codeine. While effective, these drugs carry a high risk of addiction when taken for long periods of time. After two weeks of use, a person will build a tolerance towards the medication. As a result, they will need to take more of the drug to derive the same effect. Monitoring is necessary with narcotic medication regimens to reduce the risk of abuse and dependence.
Muscle relaxants, including diazepam, are also provided on a short-term basis to address pain. Their sedating effects can ease discomfort all over the body, but like narcotics, they carry a risk of addiction. In addition to monitoring, doctors also encourage patients to discuss side effects or other issues that occur while taking these medications.
Osteoporosis is a condition that affect many older people, specifically women. It occurs when a person loses more bone mass than they regenerate, which can lead to fractures. Certain drugs, such as alendronate, enhance calcium absorption and reduce the rate of bone loss. In most cases, only minor side effects like stomach upset, headache, and bloating are reported. Patients are encouraged to contact their doctor immediately if they experience more serious symptoms like fever, facial swelling, and chest pain.
People experiencing chronic pain can also face mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. In this case, they may be provided antidepressants to improve their quality of life. Certain anti-seizure medications, such as gabapentin, are beneficial for treating the sharp, shooting pain that’s often a feature of nerve damage.