Endometriosis is a painful condition that causes uterine tissue to grow in other areas of the body, including the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Because endometriosis can impact fertility, timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve the chance of conception.
During menstruation, endometrial tissue within the uterus sheds and regenerates, which ensures a hospitable environment for a fertilized egg. With endometriosis, tissue outside of the uterus does not shed as it normally would. Instead, endometrial tissue accumulates in these areas, which can lead to swelling, scar tissue, and the formation of cysts. Along with the ovaries and fallopian tubes, endometrial tissue can also grow in the lining of the pelvis, within the uterine ligaments, and around the rectum or bladder.
Symptoms of endometriosis can include:
In some women, endometriosis may be asymptomatic. This highlights the importance of regular gynaecological exams, during which physicians can detect any issues.
Doctors typically diagnose endometriosis using pelvic exams, MRIs, ultrasound, and laparoscopy. Once the condition has been verified, doctors may recommend certain medications to manage symptoms:
In many cases, over-the-counter medications are used to limit cramping associated with endometriosis. These include ibuprofen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are effective at decreasing the discomfort associated with menstrual cramps.
Hormone therapy may also be recommended for endometriosis. Hormones often fluctuate during menstruation, and certain medications can control fluctuations to reduce the symptoms of endometriosis. Hormone therapies often include:
Keep in mind that hormone therapies are only appropriate for women who do not wish to conceive. If you want to become pregnant, your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure instead.
Like all other medicines, endometriosis treatments are associated with a few side effects:
Your doctor can explain these and other possible side effects to help you make an informed decision. With the right treatment, you can overcome the health effects of endometriosis and improve your chance of conception.