For many people, acne is a minor annoyance. For others, acne is a significant issue that causes discomfort, scarring, and negatively impacts one’s self-image and self-esteem. When acne is severe and over-the-counter remedies do not get the desired results, medication is the next best step.
A dermatologist can provide assistance by assessing your acne and prescribing a medication appropriate for you. Additionally, understanding how different medications work can help you find suitable treatment. Here are some medications that help control moderate to severe acne.
Antibiotics eliminate bacteria, which can exacerbate acne. Topical ointments are applied directly to the skin, and oral medications work on a systemic level. Topical antibiotics are usually paired with another treatment, while oral antibiotics are only prescribed for short periods to prevent problems with antibiotic resistance.
Azelaic acid, which is available in cream and gel form, helps reduce bacteria on the skin. As for salicylic acid, this topical treatment keeps hair follicles clear and free of things like dead skin cells, oil, and dirt.
Retinoids are topical medications that prevent follicles from becoming clogged, which can lead to blemishes. These medications come in multiple formats, including cream, lotion, and gel. Use of topical retinoids can irritate the skin or increase dryness, and these side effects are particularly prevalent in people with dark skin tones. Additionally, retinoids increase sensitivity when it comes to sun exposure.
A drug called spironolactone is an anti-androgen agent that stops androgens (a type of hormone) from interacting with the glands that produce oil. Anti-androgen agents are an alternative to oral antibiotics, but they are only prescribed to women and girls.
Other acne treatments include combined oral contraceptives, a vitamin A derivative called isotretinoin, and a topical drug called dapsone used to treat inflammatory acne, which results from bacteria on the skin.