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Raynaud’s
Phenomenon

Raynaud’s Phenomenon is a condition that results in impaired blood flow to the fingers and sometimes the ears, knees, nose, or toes. Blood vessel spasms cause this reduction in blood flow for multiple reasons, such as cold, stress, or emotional distress.

There are two forms of Raynaud’s Phenomenon. They are:

  • Primary form: Raynaud’s form occurs independently of any other conditions.
  • Secondary form: This happens due to an existing disease. For instance, Lupus, Buerger’s disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases related to autoimmune or connective tissues are often linked with Raynaud’s Phenomenon.

The primary form is more common and often occurs in youth aged 15 to 25. The secondary form is rare but more severe than the primary form.

Symptoms

Raynaud’s Phenomenon causes the affected areas to turn purple, and the person starts to feel cold and numb. After the skin warms up, the blood flow gradually improves, but there are chances of discolouration, throbbing, or swelling of the affected area. Some of the major symptoms of Raynaud’s Phenomenon are:

  • Cold toes and fingers
  • Areas of the skin that turn white and then blue
  • Numbness and prickly feeling
  • Hands that become swollen and painful with heat
  • Gangrene in the fingers resulting in infection or amputation

Causes

Primary Raynaud’s is so mild that many people with this problem don’t seek any medication or treatment; it usually goes away independently.

On the other hand, secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon tends to be more serious than primary and can be caused due to the following reasons:

  • Arterial Diseases: The build-up of fats in the blood vessels causes heart problems and blockage of vessels in the hands and feet. This blockage can cause inflammation and severity of this disease, affecting the lungs’ arteries and causing secondary Raynaud’s.
  • Connective Tissue Disease: People with scleroderma have higher chances of getting secondary Raynaud’s.
  • Smoking: The blood vessels of smokers are usually narrow, and this can be the cause of secondary Raynaud’s.
  • Carpel Tunnel Syndrome: In this condition, people experience pressure on a major nerve of the hand that can cause numbness and pain. This numbness can make the hand more sensitive towards cold temperatures.

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the risk of developing this condition. These factors include:

  • An autoimmune or connective tissue disease
  • Smoking cigarettes
  • Previous trauma or injury
  • Repetitive actions that can cause vibrations like a jackhammer in the hand
  • Side effects of certain medications
  • Chemical exposure

Diagnosis & Complication

Doctors usually diagnose Raynaud’s Phenomenon by examining the patient’s medical history, along with a physical examination. This can be done by a cold challenge examination, in which a doctor or healthcare provider observes the colour changes of hands and fingers.  Blood tests can further confirm the disease diagnosis and determine if it is in primary or secondary form.

Make sure to treat Raynaud’s Phenomenon as soon as you notice symptoms, as treatment can be complicated, and sores may appear on the finger pads, leading to gangrene. Gangrene is rare but is considered one of the adverse complications of Raynaud’s if not treated.

Treatment & Prevention

The treatment of Raynaud’s depends on the symptoms exhibited by the patient. However, there is no cure for Raynaud’s Phenomenon, the below-mentioned treatments and preventions can manage it:

  • Use of medications to regulate blood pressure, especially in winter, to help the dilation of blood vessels.
  • Stop smoking
  • Avoid tools that have high vibrations and may cause trauma
  • Keeping yourself warm with gloves, socks, and a hat
  • Avoid exposure to cold

Consult your doctor before starting any medications and discuss their risks, benefits and side effects.

 
 
 

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