Parasitic infections are infections caused by a parasite. Parasites are living entities which use another creature, called a host, to survive. While the parasite is helped by this relationship, the host is harmed. The harm to the host is usually minor and not life-threatening, as the parasite cannot survive if it kills its host.
The three most common types of parasites that cause disease in people are:
The symptoms of a parasitic infection depend on the type of parasite and where on the body the person is infected. Some symptoms can include:
A parasite infection is caused by contact with a parasite. Some situations where this is more likely include:
Anyone can get a parasitic infection. Infections such as head lice are common worldwide. Some people are at higher risk of having complications from a parasitic infection. Some higher risk people include:
The diagnosis of a parasitic infection requires a healthcare professional. They will ask about their symptoms and perform an examination. They may also request some tests, such as:
Complications from a parasitic infection depend on what type of parasite is involved and where in the body the infection is found. Most parasitic infections do not have long term complications. In rare parasitic infections of the brain, complications can include seizures and even death.
Parasitic infections are treated with medications called antiparasitics. Sometimes, an antibiotic or antifungal medication is also needed.
The best way to prevent a parasitic infection is to practice good hygiene. This includes washing hands thoroughly after using the toilet and before eating. It also includes food safety techniques, such as thoroughly washing fruit and vegetables before eating them and cooking meat thoroughly. Drinking clean water is very important as well. In places where a person is not sure whether the water is clean, letting it boil for one minute (three minutes in higher altitudes) helps kill any parasites that may cause disease in the water. For people who regularly work in the soil or outdoors, thorough hand washing upon returning home can help prevent parasitic disease. For people who live in areas where malaria is prevalent, sleeping under a mosquito net at night and wearing long sleeves and trousers can help prevent mosquito bites.