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Occupational Lung Diseases

Occupational lung diseases are a group of lung diseases caused by or aggravated by repeated and long-term exposure to airborne irritants at one’s workplace. These include animal droppings, chemicals, dust particulates, fungal spores, and other air pollutants that have the potential to irritate the lungs.

Some common occupational diseases include:

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – COPD is primarily caused by cigarette smoke. However, it can also be caused by exposure to airborne irritants such as second-hand smoke and airborne particulates that individuals are exposed to in the workplace.
  • Mesothelioma – this rare type of cancer occurs in the lining of the lungs and at times, the lining of the abdomen. It is caused by asbestos exposure.
  • Coal workers pneumoconiosis – also called black lung disease, this is caused by inhalation of coal dust. Long-term exposure to coal dust causes scarring on the lining of the lungs.
  • Asbestosis – This chronic lung condition is caused by long-term exposure to asbestos.
  • Silicosis – this chronic lung condition is caused by breathing in silica, a mineral mainly found in the construction and mining industries.
  • Histoplasmosis – occurs when individuals breathe in fungal spores from soil contaminated by animal droppings, most commonly found in the farming, livestock, and landscaping industries.

While there is no cure for occupational lung diseases, being aware of the risk in your workplace and reducing exposure to lung irritants can go a long way towards protecting your health and safety.

Symptoms

Because there are several diseases that are classified as occupational lung diseases, there is a wide range of symptoms caused by occupational lung diseases. However, some of the most common ones include:

  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath, especially upon exertion
  • Coughing
  • Tightness in the chest
  • Abnormal breathing

The sooner exposure to occupational hazards is reduced and the sooner you can receive a diagnosis of occupational lung disease, the better chance your care team has of minimising symptoms and maintaining a high quality of life. If you suspect you may have occupational lung disease, see a doctor right away.

Causes & Risk Factors

Occupational lung diseases are caused by exposure to lung irritants in the workplace.

Risk factors for developing occupational lung diseases include working in farming, livestock, construction, mining, being an active duty member of the military, or working as a first responder.

Diagnosis & Complication

Your healthcare provider will take a thorough medical history, ask for symptoms you are experiencing, and get a clear picture of any instances in which you may have been exposed to airborne irritants in the workplace. If they suspect that you may have occupational lung disease, they will perform imaging tests like an X-ray or computerised tomography of the lungs to confirm the diagnosis. They may also perform other tests, including:

  • Lung function tests, which may measure your ability to breathe effectively or the lungs’ ability to pass oxygen into the body
  • Lung cell biopsy
  • Visualisation of the airways leading into the lungs with a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope

Complications of occupational lung diseases include chronic lung issues like chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and dying at a younger age.

Treatment & Prevention

Treatment for occupational lung diseases depends on age, overall health, the type of disease you have, disease prognosis, medical history, your treatment preference, and your doctor’s recommendations.

Prevention of occupational lung diseases is possible. Work with your employer to ensure that you have access to appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Attend environmental health and safety training and reduce your overall exposure to lung irritants like second-hand smoke and poor air quality. Ensure you’re up to date on vaccines that protect against respiratory illnesses like Covid-19 and influenza.

 
 
 

The content appearing on this site is not intended to treat, diagnose, or provide health care advice. The articles you read here are meant for informational purposes only. Please review additional information to learn more.