Normal lung function is a crucial aspect of health and wellness. As you inhale air into your lungs, oxygen is supplied to your bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is released as you exhale. Lung disease disrupts this essential process to cause a wide range of symptoms and complications. There are multiple forms of lung disease, such as:
These conditions can affect different areas of the lungs, such as the airways, air sacs, lining, and even the blood vessels that supply air. Many forms of lung disease can result in major health issues, including some which may be life-threatening.
Symptoms of lung disease vary based on which condition you’re experiencing. However, the following warning signs indicate that medical intervention is needed:
These symptoms should be assessed by a medical professional as soon as possible to determine an accurate diagnosis.
Many lung diseases will continue to worsen when proper treatment is not sought. For instance, people with untreated COPD can experience heart issues, pulmonary hypertension (also known as high blood pressure in the lungs), higher infection risk, decreased breathing ability, and lack of activity due to breathing issues.
Some lung diseases have no identifiable cause. Others are linked to certain conditions, lifestyle habits, and environmental factors, including:
Any form of lung irritant can contribute to lung diseases and result in symptoms. For instance, some people are exposed to lung irritants frequently when at work, which can lead to the onset of conditions.
Different lung diseases can be diagnosed using a combination of methods. Doctors will perform a physical exam and evaluate any symptoms the patient is experiencing. Diagnostic tests, such as x-rays and CT scans, can also be used to identify damage to the lungs. Blood tests, pulmonary function tests, and other forms of evaluation can also provide insight into lung conditions.
Both surgery and medication are effective at treating lung ailments. In some cases, a person may need supplemental oxygen throughout the day or on a continuous basis. Conditions like asthma are typically treated via inhaled steroids. A person may also undergo pulmonary rehabilitation, which uses exercise to improve the function of the lungs.
It’s not always possible to prevent lung diseases, but there are ways to reduce your risk. Avoiding or quitting smoking greatly reduces one’s risk of lung cancer and other lung-related conditions. If you work in an environment with lots of airborne irritants, be sure to wear the proper protective gear, such as a respirator. Handwashing and other forms of sanitation can also help you avoid infection via germs and bacteria.