Leukaemia is a form of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is a cancer of the white blood cells responsible for fighting infections in the body. There are several different types of Leukaemia, including:
The latest WHO data (2020) found that the Leukaemia Death rate in South Africa has reached 1,464. The symptoms of Leukaemia can be different depending on its type. However, most patients experience;
People develop Leukaemia when DNS of a single cell in your bone marrow changes or mutates. Once the cell starts multiplying, it loses its ability to stop or control the growth. The mutated cells grow excessively and crowd the healthy cells in the body, mainly in the bloodstream.
Though the exact cause of Leukaemia is unknown, there can be many factors that often increase your chance of developing the disease.
Exposure to Radiation: High levels of ionizing radiation, such as that produced by nuclear explosions or radiation therapy, can increase the risk of leukaemia.
Chemical Exposure: Chemicals, including benzene, which is used in the manufacture of chemicals, rubber, and plastics, have been linked to an increased risk of Leukaemia.
Genetic Factors: Many genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, and genetic mutations, such as those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, can cause Leukaemia.
Family History: Having a family history of Leukaemia can increase a person’s risk of developing the disease.
Viral Infections: T-cell Leukaemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a human viral infection and is one of the leading causes of the abnormal growth of the cells in the body.
Diagnosis of Leukaemia typically involves the following clinical tests:
Leukaemia can cause a shortage of white blood cells and increase the risk of infections. This shortage can also cause the risk of bruising and bleeding. Many people with leukaemia develop anaemia, causing weakness, tiredness, and fatigue. Plus, Leukaemia cells can spread throughout the body and cause damage to vital organs.
Treatment for Leukaemia depends on the type of Leukaemia and the patient’s overall health. It may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or targeted therapy. Early detection and prompt treatment can help to reduce the risk of complications and improve the chances of a successful outcome.
Therefore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity, are important to reduce the risk of developing Leukaemia and other forms of cancer.
Also, seek prompt medical attention for infections, such as human T-cell Leukaemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), to prevent abnormal cell growth in the body.
Having one or more of these risk factors does not guarantee that a person will develop Leukaemia. Many people with these risk factors do not develop the disease, while others with no known risk factors may be diagnosed with Leukaemia.