Inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) is not a medical condition itself but rather a disorder characterized by a group of symptoms. IBS is not usually associated with serious health problems, but it can be incredibly disruptive to a person’s life. Fortunately, there are many effective treatments available.
People with IBS often experience one or more of the following symptoms:
Diarrhoea and constipation are also common, and these symptoms play a role in determining the type of IBS you are experiencing. Frequent bouts of constipation are associated with IBS-C, while recurring diarrhoea is linked to IBS-D. Some people experience both symptoms simultaneously, which is known as IBS with mixed bowel habits (IBS-M).
It is not clear what causes IBS, though the disorder is quite common. Medical researchers believe IBS results from faulty signalling between the brain and gut, which can disrupt digestive function. This can cause some people to experience excessive contractions in the large intestine, as well as ultra-sensitivity within the gastrointestinal tract, which contributes to pain and cramping.
IBS can also have other causes. Food allergies/sensitivities, infections, and imbalanced gut bacteria can potentially play a role.
Doctors use medical/symptom history, lab tests, and diagnostic imaging to confirm an IBS diagnosis. Once confirmed, your doctor will develop a personalized treatment plan including one or more of the following approaches:
Along with medications to specifically target IBS, anti-diarrhoea drugs, laxatives, fibre supplements, and antidepressants are all used to control symptoms. Some people also benefit from probiotics but be sure to check with your doctor first.
Tweaking your diet can also be effective when managing IBS. In this case, you may want to avoid certain foods (like dairy products and gluten), drink lots of water, and track your food intake with a journal. Should you experience a flare-up of IBS symptoms, the journal can provide insight into what may have triggered it.
Along with a healthy diet, exercise can also benefit people with IBS. In this case, participating in 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least five days a week can often have a positive impact on gut health.
People recovering from childhood trauma or those experiencing chronic stress and anxiety may be encouraged to visit a counsellor or therapist for further help with the condition. IBS has some links to emotional and psychological issues, so better managing one’s stress and emotions can help improve symptoms.