Infectious diseases are caused by small organisms coming from outside the body (pathogens), including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. These diseases can develop when you come into contact with an infected person. They may also be spread through other factors such as insects or contaminated water.
Some of the infectious diseases found in South Africa include:
New infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and monkeypox, also sometimes appear. Additionally, there are occasional outbreaks of other preventable illnesses like measles.
The symptoms you experience depend on which infectious disease you have. You may notice:
If left untreated, infectious diseases may cause serious medical problems (complications). These may include infection of the lungs (pneumonia), inflammation of the brain (meningitis), or cancer.
Infectious diseases can spread in a few key ways, including:
You may have a higher risk of developing an infectious disease if you are under the age of 18 or over the age of 60. Your chances also rise if you are pregnant or have a compromised immune system due to other medical conditions or treatments.
Different types of infectious diseases require different treatment plans:
Certain infectious diseases, such as HIV, can’t be cured. However, medications can help manage symptoms and prevent the condition from worsening.
There are many simple ways to reduce your risk of developing an infectious disease. Wash your hands regularly, and make sure your hands are clean before cooking, eating, or touching your face. Wear face masks or keep your distance from other people who may be sick or have symptoms like a cough. Cook your food thoroughly and make sure that perishable items are properly refrigerated. Finally, use condoms when having sex.
One of the best ways to keep yourself safe is through vaccination. Ask your doctor which vaccines are recommended for you, especially if you live in or are travelling to an area where a certain illness is more common.