Bursitis is a condition that is caused by pain and inflammation of the bursae (small fluid-filled sacs) that work to reduce friction and increase movement. The bursa sac provides cushion for bones, tendons, and muscles around the joints. Bursitis is a common cause of musculoskeletal pain and often requires orthopedic care. The most commonly affected areas are shoulders and knees. Inflammation of the bursa due to overuse, trauma or arthritis, results in excess fluid production, which cause pain and swelling.
The most common types of bursitis are ischial bursitis (involving the buttocks), olecranon bursitis (involving the elbows), prepatellar bursitis (involving the knees), subacromial bursitis (involving the shoulders), and trochanteric bursitis (involving the hips).
Septic (or infectious) bursitis can result from inoculation or spread directly from other infected areas. Aspiration and fluid analysis must be performed to make an accurate diagnosis. Complications Septic bursitis may arise. Some of these complications include rupturing of the bursa, wound healing issues, and osteomyelitis.
Some of the most common symptoms of bursitis are:
Pain– Bursitis is frequently reported as a dull aching pain with stiffness in or around the affected joint. Pain may be increased during movement or when pressure is placed upon the area.
Swelling– The joint and surrounding area may become warm and swollen.
Limited range of motion– Bursitis can make it difficult to move the affected joint causing limited range of motion.
Skin Redness– Inflammation and redness may occur.
It is important to be evaluated by a doctor to rule out arthritis, fracture, and other nerve related injuries.
Repetitive movements may cause the bursae to become inflamed. Pressure on the joints can cause irritation or injury to the bursa sac. Rheumatoid arthritis and aging are other contributing factors.
Common risk factors for bursitis are activities where repetitive motion and stress on bursae are necessary. For example, jobs that require frequent bending and/or lifting. Certain medical conditions like obesity, gout, and diabetes may also put you at risk.
Certain types of bursitis can be diagnosed by a clinician without further testing. Occasionally, imaging studies are needed to rule out other conditions or simply clarify a diagnosis.
For most people, bursitis improves on its own without treatment. If your bursitis is not improving, your doctor may recommend some of these treatment options.
Antibiotics- In cases where bursitis is caused by an infection, antibiotics should be prescribed for approximately 7-10 days.
Rest- Rest the affected joint and avoid activities that put pressure on the joint and cause pain, this may involve modifying your work or exercise routine.
Ice- Apply ice to the inflamed area for 20 minutes several times a day. This can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Pain relievers- Over the counter pain relievers such as Ibuprofen and Naproxen can help alleviate pain and inflammation.
Compression bandage- A compression bandage can reduce swelling and provide stability and support to the swollen joint.
Stretching- Stretching exercises can help improve range of motion and flexibility to the joint area.
Physical Therapy- Physical therapy exercises may improve functionality.
Injections- Corticosteroid injections directly into the joint are sometimes needed to reduce inflammation and pain.
Surgery -Rarely surgery may be necessary to physically drain fluid from the bursa sac or remove the bursa if other treatments have not been successful.
Bursitis is painful, but is usually preventable. If you notice certain movements keep causing you pain, take a break or stop. Bursitis can usually heal with rest and over the counter medication. You can greatly reduce your risk of developing bursitis by making small changes to your daily routine and to the way you go about your activities.