An alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that reduces levels of a protective protein essential to the function of the lungs. Decreased levels of the alpha-1 antitrypsin protein can lead to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and chronic cough. This condition can also lead to more serious complications affecting the lungs and liver.
Medications, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehab, and transplant surgeries can all be used to treat AATD. Additionally, patients are encouraged to make the following lifestyle changes to better manage symptoms and prevent potentially life-threatening complications:
Smoking cigarettes and vaping cause damage to the lungs on their own, and they can also significantly worsen the effects of AATD. If you currently smoke, talk to your doctor about effective cessation methods. And if you do not smoke, do not start. Second-hand smoke can also be hazardous, so avoid it whenever possible.
People with AATD can also experience damage to their liver, which means that abstaining from alcohol is key. Your doctor can help you understand whether the type of AATD you have can cause liver effects.
Proper hygiene, such as regular handwashing, is key for minimizing your risk of infections. Additionally, people with AATD are encouraged to get vaccinations for the flu, COVID-19, pneumonia, and hepatitis. If you know that other people are ill, it’s best to avoid them until symptoms subside.
A nutritious diet can enhance your general health, which also helps you avoid infections. Lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats should all be included in your diet. Also, avoid processed foods and foods with lots of fat and sugar.
Certain medications, including acetaminophen, can have a negative impact on your liver. As a result, you must consult with your doctor before taking any new medications or supplements.
Having AATD can increase worry and anxiety, so patients are encouraged to seek support. Yoga and meditation are often effective at managing stress, while attending support groups for people with AATD can provide access to individuals going through the same experience.