Body temperature is one of several vital signs that physicians monitor. Assessing a person’s body temperature can give an indication of their health. For instance, a body temperature above the normal range can signal an infection or illness. Conversely, a below normal body temperature can indicate that a person requires immediate medical attention.
In the past, doctors considered 37 degrees Celsius to be the normal body temperature for most people. However, physicians today have a greater understanding of normal body temperature, which can actually vary according to factors like:
Accordingly, the normal body temperature for adults can range from 36.1 to 37.2 degrees. As for infants and children, normal body temperatures can vary from 36.6 to 38 degrees.
A body temperature higher than 38 degrees indicates a fever. Fevers occur when the body is fighting off an infection. For instance, fevers can accompany bouts of cold and flu. In many cases, fever resolves on its own after the body has fought off the infection. Some fevers do require immediate medical attention, such as those 39.4 degrees or higher or fevers lasting longer than three days.
Hypothermia occurs when the body temperature falls below 35 degrees. Hypothermia is a serious medical condition that requires emergency medical care. Hypothermia typically follows extended exposure to the cold, but certain medical conditions (including nerve damage, stroke, and alcoholism) can increase a person’s risk.
At the doctor’s office, body temperature is typically measured using an oral thermometer. However, temperatures can also be taken rectally, under the arm, via the ear (which measures the core internal temperature), or by placing a special device on the forehead.
Taking a person’s temperature during routine exams and wellness checks establishes a baseline. It can also help medical staff detect an infection as early as possible, which means treatments can begin immediately. As an essential vital sign, body temperature can provide greater insight into a patient and their healthcare needs.