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Acne

When dead skin and oil clog the hair follicles in the skin, you develop acne. It can cause pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and sometimes deeper cysts or nodules. Though skin conditions are prevalent in teens reaching the age of puberty, anyone can develop it at any age.

Symptoms

Acne is one of the most common skin disorders, followed by eczema and superficial fungal infections. It may appear with various symptoms and can become a serious condition. Some acne symptoms include:

  • Pimples: Pimples are raised bumps on the skin that can be red or inflamed. Clogged hair follicles are the primary cause of pimples.
  • Blackheads: Blackheads are dark-coloured tiny bumps. You get them when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
  • Whiteheads: Whiteheads are similar to blackheads but appear as small, white bumps on the skin.
  • Papules: Papules are small, raised bumps on the skin that can be pink or red.
  • Nodules: Nodules are larger, deeper bumps that form under the skin. They can be painful and may take longer to heal than other types of acne.
  • Cysts: Cysts are large, deep bumps that are filled with pus. They can be painful and may leave scars if not treated properly.

Acne can occur anywhere on the body, but it most commonly affects the face, neck, chest, and back.

Causes

The exact cause of acne is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes during puberty. Here are the factors that may make your skin acne-prone.

  • Genetics: Acne can run in families, so if your parents or siblings have acne, you may be more likely to develop it.
  • Certain Medications: Some medications, like corticosteroids and birth control pills, can contribute to developing acne.
  • Stress: Stress can cause hormonal changes in the body, leading to acne.
  • Diet: While there is no direct link between diet and acne, some studies have suggested that consuming high amounts of dairy products, sugar, and processed foods may contribute to acne.

Risk Factors

Acne can affect anyone, but certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

  • Age: Acne is most common during adolescence when hormone levels change rapidly.
  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes that occur during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can contribute to the development of acne.
  • Certain Medications: Medications like corticosteroids and birth control pills, can contribute to the development of acne.
  • Certain Occupations: People who work in jobs that expose them to oils or chemicals, such as those in the restaurant industry or manufacturing, may be more likely to develop acne.

Diagnosis & Complications

Acne is typically diagnosed based on its appearance on the skin. A dermatologist will perform a physical examination of the affected area and ask about your medical history to determine the severity of the condition.

Sometimes, they may take a sample of your skin to test for bacteria or other underlying conditions. Failure to treat acne may spread bacteria,  cause scarring, hyperpigmentation, and infections.

Treatment & Prevention

Acne treatment typically involves topical or oral medications to reduce inflammation and unclog pores. Some common treatments include:

  • Topical Retinoids: These medications help to unclog pores and reduce inflammation.
  • Oral Antibiotics: This medicine helps kill bacteria and reduce inflammation.
  • Oral Contraceptives: Certain birth control pills can help regulate hormones and reduce acne.
  • Isotretinoin: The medication is reserved for severe cases of acne and is used to reduce oil production and prevent clogged pores.

A good skincare regime is a must if you want to prevent acne. It involves everything from washing the face twice daily with a gentle cleanser and avoiding touching it to using non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) products.

Also, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle, managing stress, and avoiding certain medications can help prevent acne. Make sure you speak with a healthcare provider or dermatologist if you have persistent or severe acne or if over-the-counter treatments are ineffective.

 
 
 

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