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Heart Failure

Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood throughout the body. This can result in various symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet.

There are two types of Heart failure: systolic heart failure and diastolic heart failure.

  • Systolic heart failure happens when the heart muscle is unable to contract effectively.
  • Diastolic heart failure happens when the heart muscle is unable to relax properly.

Symptoms

According to the most recent WHO data, 32,739 South Africans died from coronary heart disease in 2020.

There are different types of heart diseases, the symptom you experience may vary depending on the severity. Typically, a person with any heart disease has or feels:

  • Discomfort in Chest/Angina: Pressure, squeezing strain, or pain in the chest, particularly on the left side or centre of the chest. It can be due to exertion on the heart muscles.
  • Difficulty breathing: This can occur during physical activity, lying flat, or even resting.
  • Tiredness: People with heart disease or heart failure may feel drained, tired, weak, or unable to perform normal activities.
  • Heart Palpitations: It includes heart racing, fluttering, or skipping beats.
  • Swelling: Swollen legs, ankles and feet can signify heart failure.
  • Dizziness or light-headedness: This can occur due to decreased blood flow to the brain.
  • Cold sweats: People with heart disease may experience cold sweats, especially during chest pain or discomfort.

Causes

Heart failure is one of the most complex conditions you can experience due to many factors. The following are the reasons that cause your heart to reduce the ability pump blood:

  • Coronary Artery Disease: the common cause of heart failure occurs due to narrowed or blocked vessels.
  • High Blood Pressure: Long-standing high blood pressure often causes the heart to enlarge and weaken, leading to heart failure.
  • Heart Attack: A heart attack damages the heart muscle and heightens the risk of heart failure.
  • Cardiomyopathy: This heart muscle disease makes it difficult for the heart to pump effectively.
  • Arrhythmias: Irregular heartbeats can disrupt the heart’s normal pumping action and increase the risk of heart failure.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for heart failure include high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of heart disease. Plus, medical conditions like congenital heart disease, valve disease, or cardiomyopathy can also increase the risk of heart failure.

Diagnosis & Complications

Medical evaluation is necessary to diagnose heart disease. It may include a thorough symptoms review, physical exam, and various diagnostic tests, including;

  • Blood tests: To check for signs of anaemia, kidney problems, and other underlying health issues.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): To measure the heart’s electrical activity and detect any arrhythmias (heart rate or rhythm).
  • Chest X-ray: To assess the size and shape of the heart and lungs.
  • Echocardiogram: To evaluate the structure and function of the heart and assess blood flow through the heart and blood vessels.
  • Cardiac MRI: To produce detailed images of the heart and surrounding tissues.
  • Cardiac CT scan: To assess the blood vessels supplying the heart and detect any blockages.

If not diagnosed timely, complications of heart failure can be serious and potentially life-threatening. It can lead to pulmonary oedema (fluid build-up in the lungs), kidney, memory, and liver problems.

Treatment & Prevention

Treatment for heart failure may include medications to improve heart function, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, can also help improve symptoms of heart failure. Sometimes, a heart transplant or heart assist device may be necessary.

It is always better to take preventive measures that can help you reduce the risk of heart disease. Typically, some preventative methods for heart failure include controlling risk factors, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes, as well as living a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet.

It’s important to seek prompt medical attention if symptoms of heart failure occur, as early treatment can help improve outcomes and prevent serious complications.

 
 
 

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