Both papillary and follicular thyroid cancer can be treated with radioactive iodine therapy. This treatment involves ingesting radioactive iodine orally (in pill or liquid form) or via injection to target the thyroid along with any cancerous cells.
While the treatment is relatively straightforward, patients will need to make some adjustments in the days and weeks that follow. Along with your doctor’s advice, here are some steps to consider.
Because larger doses of radiation are administered when receiving radioactive iodine therapy, patients must take steps to protect others from exposure. Within a hospital setting, doctors may isolate you from others in special rooms and wards if necessary.
In the event you are being treated on an outpatient basis, you’ll need to avoid contact with other people for a period of days to weeks. The exact length of time depends on your dose of radiation, so be sure to talk to your doctor.
Avoid sitting next to, hugging, or otherwise making contact with others. Do not share a bed and wash and launder personal items like bedding and cutlery on your own. If you’re sexually active, you must use contraception for up to six months after your treatment. You should also avoid people who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant, as well as children and pets until given the all-clear from by doctor.
While most people tolerate radioactive iodine therapy relatively well, side effects may occur. These include:
Your doctor can offer guidance on how to manage these side effects should they occur. There is also a risk of more serious complications such as infertility and secondary cancers, but these risks are exceedingly rare.