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Streptococci (Strep Throat)
Medications

Strep throat is a bacterial infection of the throat caused by Group A streptococcus known as, Streptococcus pyrogene.  It is a common infection in children from five to fifteen years old. However, it can occur in people of all ages.

Left untreated, a strep throat infection can quickly lead to severe complications such as rheumatic fever and kidney inflammation. Rheumatic fever can progress to heart valve damage and inflamed joints.

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat strep throat. The medications help to alleviate the symptoms and shorten the duration of the infection. Also, prompt treatment with medications reduces the transmission of the bacteria to other family members. Treatment is necessary to prevent acute rheumatic fever from developing.

Over-the-counter medications can bring relief by reducing fever, easing body aches, assisting with a headache, and soothing a sore throat.

Types of Medications & How They Work

Antibiotics are the first line of defence to treat strep throat.

  • Penicillin – Penicillin is the first-line antibiotic treatment for strep throat. It is typically given in an oral form and is effective in treating the vast majority of cases of strep throat.
  • Amoxicillin – Amoxicillin is a penicillin-based antibiotic that is also effective against strep throat. It is often used as an alternative to penicillin in individuals who are allergic to penicillin.
  • Cephalosporins – Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that are also effective against strep throat. Examples include cephalexin and cefuroxime.
  • Macrolides – Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin are also effective against strep throat and may be used as an alternative to penicillin in individuals allergic to penicillin.
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can help reduce pain and inflammation in the throat.
  • Throat lozenges and throat sprays – Menthol and other numbing agents may help soothe a sore throat. Throat lozenges and sprays that contain benzocaine or lidocaine can also provide temporary relief but are often available only with a prescription.
  • Corticosteroids – A corticosteroid medication, such as prednisone, may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling in the throat.

Side Effects

Antibiotics can cause a variety of side effects, which can range from mild to severe. Some of the common side effects of antibiotics include nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hives, rash, swelling of the lips, face, tongue or throat, yeast infections, headache, dizziness, changes in taste or smell, and photosensitivity.

In some cases, antibiotics can also cause more serious side effects such as kidney damage, liver failure, seizures, tendinitis, tendon rupture, blood disorders like anaemia or decreased platelets or anaphylaxis which is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.

Corticosteroids are a class of medications that can cause many side effects. Some of the most common side effects of corticosteroids include fluid retention, mood changes, insomnia, increased risk of infection, high blood pressure, increased appetite, increased blood sugar levels, muscle weakness, weight gain, weakened bones, and fatigue.

Not everyone will experience side effects and the severity and duration of side effects can vary depending on the individual and the dose of the medication. However, if you should have any of the above side effects from using antibiotics or corticosteroids then you should contact your doctor immediately. If the side effects are severe then seek medical care at the nearest emergency room.

Conclusion

Strep throat is a very serious bacterial infection that requires prompt treatment from a medical provider. It is important to treat strep throat because if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications. Streptococcal bacteria can spread to other parts of the body, causing infections such as sinusitis, ear infections, pneumonia, and skin infections.  In some cases, strep throat can also lead to rheumatic fever, which can cause permanent damage to the heart, joints, and other organs.

In addition to preventing complications, treating strep throat can also help to relieve the symptoms of the infection, which include sore throat, fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. Antibiotics remain the most common treatment for strep throat. The medications help to reduce the duration and severity of the illness.

 
 
 

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