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Staphylococcus Aureus
Infection (Staph Infections)

Staphylococcus aureus, commonly known as “staph,” is a type of bacteria that can cause infection. Although this type of bacteria commonly lives on the skin of healthy individuals, it can lead to problems when it gets inside the body and infects internal tissues.

Some strains of staph can be easily treated with antibiotics. Other strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA, can’t be controlled with usual treatments.

Symptoms

Staphylococcus aureus infections can lead to different signs depending on where in your body bacteria are growing:

  • Skin infections may lead to swollen, reddened, lumps filled with pus. They may also lead to painful rashes or patches of crusted skin.
  • Food poisoning, which can occur when staph contaminates food that you eat, can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
  • Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs, may lead to chest pain, coughing, difficulty breathing, fever, tiredness, nausea, or confusion.
  • Endocarditis is a heart infection that can cause muscle pain, chest pain, fever, tiredness, shortness of breath, and swelling in the abdomen or ankles.
  • Osteomyelitis or bone infection can cause symptoms like fever, fatigue, bone pain, swelling, and redness.
  • Septic arthritis occurs when staph bacteria grow in the joints, leading to fever as well as joint pain and swelling.
  • Bacteraemia is an infection in your bloodstream that leads to fever. It can also cause sepsis, an extreme immune system reaction that causes organ damage and leads to chills, sweating, a fast heartbeat, extreme pain, breathing problems, or confusion.

Causes

Staph bacteria can live on the skin. Additionally, up to half of adults occasionally have groups of staph bacteria living in their nostrils. These bacteria don’t usually cause any issues and rarely lead to infection.

You may develop a staph infection if bacteria from your skin or nose enter your body and starts growing within internal tissues. You can also be exposed to staph if you have contact with someone else who has an infection.

Risk Factors

You are more likely to experience a staphylococcus aureus infection if you:

  • Have cuts, bug bites, or rashes that lead to an opening in your skin
  • Play contact sports
  • Share bedding, towels, sports equipment, or razors with other people
  • Have been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, emphysema, or another lung condition
  • Need dialysis treatments for kidney disease
  • Use a medical device such as a catheter, IV, breathing tube, feeding tube, artificial joint, or pacemaker
  • Have a weakened immune system due to a disease or medication
  • Inject drugs
  • Have recently had a hospital stay or surgery

Diagnosis

Doctors can diagnose a staph infection by examining the affected area. They may need to take a sample of skin or tissue to determine what type of germ is causing a particular infection.

Treatment

Many staph infections are treated with antibiotic medications. If you have a skin infection, the antibiotic may be a cream or ointment that you put on the skin. In other cases, the antibiotic is a pill that you take by mouth.

MRSA bacteria don’t respond to many types of antibiotics. Your doctor may need to give you newer forms of antibiotics delivered through an IV if you have a MRSA infection.

Make sure to follow your doctor’s instructions when using antibiotics. In particular, don’t stop using an antibiotic treatment early — take all of your medication, even if you start to feel better.

Prevention

You can reduce your risk of staph infection by following healthy lifestyle habits, including:

  • Wash your hands for 20 seconds before and after cooking, eating, petting an animal, or using the bathroom.
  • Quickly take care of cuts or scratches by cleaning them and keeping them covered.
  • Use your own bedsheets, towels, clothing, and razors and don’t share with others.
  • Replace tampons at least every eight hours.
  • Cook food to the proper temperature, and keep cold foods cold and hot foods hot until you eat them.
 
 
 

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