Mycetoma results from exposure to certain types of bacteria and fungi. While the disease can be effectively addressed with medication, neglecting treatment can lead to worsening health effects. Here are some key facts to remember about mycetoma to ensure you or a loved one receive prompt treatment.
Bacteria and fungus exist in the water and soil. When a person has a wound and is exposed to illness causing agents, infection can result. Not everyone exposed to bacteria and fungus will develop mycetoma. However, people working in agricultural environments tend to have a greater risk. Mycetoma is also more common in men than women.
Both bacterial and fungal types of mycetoma begin with the formation of masses beneath the skin, often on the feet. These masses continue to grow larger over the course of months, but it can also take years for symptoms to advance. Skin masses eventually develop sores with discharge that contains a sandy substance.
While the masses associated with mycetoma don’t initially cause pain, they can affect function and mobility as they grow. Additionally, mycetoma can cause infections in the blood if not treated in a prompt manner, as well as cause permanent damage to muscle and bone tissues.
Treatment of mycetoma varies according to the underlying cause. With bacterial infections, doctors can prescribe antibiotics, while antifungal drugs are used to treat fungal infections. Fungal infections can be more challenging to treat, even with medication, which might necessitate surgery to remove masses. In severe cases, surgeons may perform amputation.