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Dry Mouth

Dry mouth is caused by a lack of saliva in the mouth. This can lead to discomfort, bad breath, and more serious secondary health concerns. There are various reasons that you might experience dry mouth. No matter what the cause of dry mouth, you need to speak with your doctor about this issue. You can suffer from more serious health issues if you do not get supportive care for this condition.

Symptoms

The symptoms of dry mouth are:

  • Sticky or very dry feeling mouth
  • Sores in your mouth
  • Split skin at the corners of the lips or cracked lips
  • Dry feeling in the throat
  • Burning or tingling sensation in the mouth or on the tongue
  • Dry, red, raw tongue tissue
  • Problems with taste or smell
  • Problems chewing and swallowing
  • Problems with speech
  • Hoarseness
  • Dry nasal passages
  • Sore throat
  • Bad breath

Causes & Risk Factors

There are a variety of reasons that you might experience dry mouth. Often, the causes of this condition are the same as the risk factors related to experiencing it. You will be more likely to have dry mouth if you smoke, have allergies, or have certain health conditions.

  • Side effects of Medication – Some medications can cause dry mouth. These can come from many different medicine classes, such as hypertension medications, drugs that treat Parkinson’s Disease, sedatives, antihistamines, decongestants, medications that treat acne or obesity, or certain incontinence and asthma drugs. Muscle relaxants can also cause dry mouth.
  • Disease or Infection – Dry mouth can be part of the constellation of symptoms related to HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, Parkinson’s Disease, Sjogren’s Syndrome, mumps, cystic fibrosis, or even stroke.
  • Medical Treatments – If you have had surgery on parts of the mouth or you have needed radiation treatment to the head or neck, your salivary glands might have become damaged and unable to produce enough saliva. Chemotherapy can also cause damage to the salivary glands.
  • Nerve Damage – When you have suffered an injury to the face or the head, you might have nerve damage in these areas. This nerve damage can cause problems with salivary glands and saliva production.
  • Dehydration – When you have not been drinking enough water, you might experience a dry mouth. Dehydration can also be caused by high fever, excessive sweating, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
  • Removal of the Salivary Glands – If you have had to have salivary glands removed via surgery due to cancer or another salivary gland issue, you might experience dry mouth.
  • Smoking or Tobacco Use – Smoking and the use of chewing tobacco can cause dry mouth.
  • Breathing Through Your Mouth – If you breathe with an open mouth frequently, the tissues in your mouth can get dried out and cause dry mouth symptoms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of dry mouth is often based solely upon reports of dry mouth symptoms by patients. Your doctor might also examine your mouth and look for signs that your dry mouth is causing damage to the lips, teeth, or tongue. Saliva tests can also be done by rolling out the lower lip and patting it dry, then seeing how long it takes for saliva to form to moisten the lip again.

Treatment & Prevention

The treatment of dry mouth depends upon the root cause of the problem. Usually, a combination of treatments must be used. Medical conditions are often at the root of dry mouth, and new management protocols might be applied to support existing health conditions. You will need to prevent tooth decay through increased tooth brushing and fluoride supplementation. You might also be provided a medication like Evoxac, which has been shown to increase the flow of saliva to the mouth.

Prevention of dry mouth might not be possible. This is commonly a condition that is secondary to other health problems. You will need to be sure that you support the health of your mouth through proper dental care and by quitting smoking. You can use moisturisers for your lips, and you will need to make sure that you limit your intake of spicy or acidic foods, as these can irritate dry tissues in your mouth.

 
 
 

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