Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a temporary condition that results from inflammation in the brain. Cerebral nerves are protected by a myelin sheath, and damage to this sheath can lead to a variety of symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes similar effects, but this condition is progressive, meaning that its health effects continue to worsen over time.
CIS and MS are extremely similar when it comes to the type of symptoms caused. The difference between the two disorders lies in the frequency of episodes or flares. With CIS, a single flare occurs and does not repeat, while MS causes repeated flares as the body’s immune system attacks the protective myelin sheaths on the nerves in the brain. Additionally, the symptoms of MS progressively become more serious as time elapses.
Symptoms of CIS can include:
Keep in mind that signs and symptoms of CIS are likely to vary, which illustrates why any new health effects should be assessed by a medical practitioner immediately.
If you experience symptoms of CIS, your doctor will perform a comprehensive neurological exam and inquire about your family history. You will also undergo diagnostic testing, which can help determine the underlying condition.
Along with the frequency of flares, MS is also distinct from CIS in the number of lesions detected on the brain once symptoms arise. CIS is associated with lesions in specific areas of the brain, while MS can cause lesions to develop in multiple areas of the brain and spinal cord.
When it comes to treatment of CIS, doctors sometimes monitor patients before recommending a treatment regimen. However, certain factors indicate that treatment is necessary, particularly when an MRI detects two or more lesions on the brain after a single CS episode. In this case, medications called disease-modifying therapies will be prescribed to potentially prevent the development of MS or at least delay the onset of symptoms.