Pores are the openings of hair follicles on the skin. Dead cells and oil can build up within the pores, which causes whiteheads to form. These small, closed bumps appear red with a whitish or yellowish centre and most often form on the face, neck, and back.
Whiteheads and blackheads are both types of acne and both blemishes result from clogged pores. With whiteheads, the skin over the blemish remains closed, while the skin over blackheads has opened. As a result, the oil inside the pore is oxidized by the air and becomes a darker shade.
Sebaceous glands produce oil to keep your skin smooth and supple. This oil can sometimes become stuck within the pores, along with dead skin cells, dirt, and other debris. As a result, the pores can become red and inflamed and develop a small amount of pus in the centre. Most people experience whiteheads at some point, but an excess of bacteria on the skin and increased oil production can heighten your risk.
Most people are able to control their acne with over-the-counter ointments containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and retinoids, which are derivatives of vitamin A. These treatments help eliminate bacteria, reduce oil, and decrease inflammation. When a person does not experience success with non-prescription treatments, a dermatologist may recommend prescription medication or procedures like microdermabrasion and chemical peels.
There are also ways you can decrease the number of breakouts that you experience, including:
Touching your face introduces bacteria, dirt, and other contaminants via your fingers, so try to avoid doing so. Additionally, avoid any practices that can irritate the skin, such as drying your face too aggressively and picking at or popping blemishes.