The heart has many components, which work together to ensure proper function. The pericardium is one of these components that can be susceptible to disease and dysfunction. Fortunately, many types of pericardial diseases can be effectively treated with medication and/or surgery.
A protective sac covering the heart, the pericardium plays a crucial role in numerous functions. For instance, the pericardium keeps the heart stable, wards off infections, and prevents friction between the heart and other bodily tissues. This lubricating ability is made possible by the fluid held within the pericardium.
Certain diseases and conditions can affect how the pericardium functions. If too much fluid accumulates within the sac, it can inflict pressure on the heart and disrupt its function. The pericardium can also become inflamed, which may result from infection or other medical issues.
Pericardial diseases can cause symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and light-headedness. These symptoms require assessment by a doctor, who will perform a physical examination and tests, including:
The results of these tests will identify an underlying condition and provide insight into the best possible treatment.
If the pericardium is inflamed, which is known as pericarditis, doctors may recommend medication if the problem is caused by an infection. Medication can also be administered to reduce inflammation. With pericardial effusion, which results from fluid buildup in the pericardium, medication is often recommended. However, people with pericardial effusion may be at risk of cardiac tamponade, which prevents the heart from functioning correctly. In this case, surgery may be the best option.