Damage to the mechanisms within the ear responsible for processing sounds can lead to hearing loss, but it can also alter a person’s equilibrium. Sensorineural hearing loss, which affects the inner ear, can cause problems with balance and coordination along with hearing issues, but doctors can often manage symptoms related to equilibrium.
Sound waves travel through the outer and middle ear to the inner ear, which plays a crucial role in processing sounds. Upon reaching the cochlea, sound vibrations are converted into electrical pulses by thousands of nerve endings, and these pulses are sent to the brain for interpretation. The vestibular organ, which helps maintain balance, is also located within the inner ear.
With sensorineural hearing loss, the inner ear becomes damaged and is less effective at converting sound waves into electrical pulses. This can lead to classic hearing loss symptoms like ringing in the ears (also known as tinnitus), muffled hearing, and problems hearing clearly in loud environments.
Along with hearing problems, inner ear damage can involve symptoms like dizziness and vertigo. Dizziness is characterized by a feeling of light-headedness, while vertigo is associated with a spinning sensation, which may be referred to as true vertigo. Both symptoms can significantly affect quality of life, particularly when they occur on a frequent basis.
If acute inflammation is contributing to inner ear problems, your doctor may use corticosteroids and other medications to control swelling. However, inner ear damage often becomes permanent, in which case problems with hearing and balance will persist.
Hearing loss is addressed with assistive devices, such as hearing aids and implants. As for problems with dizziness and vertigo, doctors can recommend motion sickness medication to address acute symptoms. As for chronic issues, vestibular rehabilitation therapy reduces the effects of vertigo through special exercises.