An acoustic neuroma is a non-cancerous growth that develops within the ear. As a non-malignant tumour, this condition is not usually life-threatening. However, it can cause significant symptoms, including full or partial hearing loss. Treatment can prevent these symptoms by stopping growth or removing the tumour.
The majority of acoustic neuromas are classed as sporadic, meaning they occur spontaneously and suddenly with no underlying cause. On the other hand, genetic acoustic neuromas result from defects in the development of Schwann cells, which help the nerves needed for hearing and balance function properly. People with a condition called neurofibromatosis type 2 often experience acoustic neuromas in both ears.
Many people with acoustic neuromas experience the following symptoms:
Symptoms of acoustic neuromas can range from mild to severe.
Upon diagnosing an acoustic neuroma, your doctor may recommend monitoring in lieu of treatment. When tumours are small and not causing symptoms, observation is often the best course of action. If the tumour is growing and causing symptoms, different types of treatments can be used to prevent worsening health effects:
Vestibular rehabilitation is another treatment that addresses the side effects of acoustic neuroma surgeries. In the event that the nerves that affect balance are surgically removed, this therapy helps a patient restore their balance and coordination.