As a genetic condition, ALPS is caused by malformations of certain genes. These malformations cause lymphocytes to accumulate, which leads to lymph node swelling in children with the condition. As the disorder progresses, the chance of developing an autoimmune disease increases. For instance, ALPS can cause a person’s immune system to mistakenly attack red blood cells, which leads to fatigue and paleness.
In some people with ALPS, the risk of developing lymphoma also increases. In this case, a person can experience symptoms like unintended weight loss, fever, lack of appetite, and fatigue.
While this condition can’t be cured, the health effects of ALPS can be treated. Immune system dysfunction is often treated with immune suppressing drugs, which stop the body from attacking itself. Patients can also be given corticosteroids to reduce swelling. In the event a person develops lymphoma, they will receive the standard treatments for cancer, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
While there is a risk of lymphoma associated with ALPS, the majority of patients aren’t affected. Additionally, many people with this autoimmune condition experience an improvement in symptoms upon reaching puberty. With the right medical support, most people with ALPS have a good health outlook.