With a tongue-based obstruction (TBO), a child’s airway may be partially or fully obstructed by the tongue due to a developmental deformity. In some cases, tongue-based obstruction accompanies another condition, including genetic disorders.
The symptoms of TBO depend on whether the blockage is full or partial. While a full obstruction can stop breathing, partial blocks typically cause symptoms like:
Children with TBO may also experience academic issues, as well as exhibit problems with attention and focus.
TBO occurs when there’s a disparity in the size of a child’s bottom jaw in relation to their tongue size, which is typically larger than normal. In some cases, the problem may arise due to a neurological issue that impacts development.
With severe forms of TBO, breathing may be completely restricted, which constitutes a medical emergency. If the child is unable to breathe due to the obstruction, they face a risk of permanent brain damage or death.
Treatment of TBO depends on the severity of the condition. When the effects are mild, changes to sleep positions or the placement of a nasopharyngeal airway can support proper breathing. With mild TBO, symptoms usually subside as the child grows older and the tongue changes position.
For severe forms of the condition, one of the following procedures may be required:
With early diagnosis and treatment of TBO, most children are able to overcome the effects of the disorder.