All living things, from bacteria to humans, need water to survive. Without it, there can be no life. The human body is a prime example of the importance of water, as it consists of approximately 60% water. Every system in the human body, including cells and vital organs, relies on water to function properly.
Because of this, the human body can survive longer without food than it can without water. Therefore, it is vital to stay hydrated throughout the day to keep the body functioning properly.
However, dehydration can occur for a variety of reasons, and this happens when the body loses more fluids than it takes in. Dehydration upsets the delicate internal water balance, often leading to serious consequences. The effects on the human body of dehydration can often be accompanied by multiple symptoms.
Dehydration does not just cause thirst; the effects of a lack of water on the body can eventually affect cognitive function. This type of function refers to the various mental abilities such as thinking, concentrating, and learning.
When dehydration affects the brain, headaches occur, but cognitive function may also become impaired if the condition is allowed to develop further. Concentration and thinking clearly can become difficult due to reduced blood flow to the brain.
The consequences of this can also mean that oxygen levels in the brain drop, too. This can cause confusion and disorientation. Therefore, optimal brain performance relies on good levels of hydration.
The kidneys perform various roles, and these include the removal of waste products and surplus fluids from the body. They also control blood pressure and pH levels.
When dehydration occurs, levels of waste products increase in the body. Mineral and salt levels in the urine increase, too, making it easier for these substances to crystallise and form stones in the kidneys.
This process creates stones that can be large enough to impair kidney function and cause excruciating pain. Often, medical attention is needed to help ease the pain and break up the stones so that they can be passed out of the kidneys.
Dehydration can significantly impact physical performance. When the body lacks fluids, muscles can become fatigued more quickly, leading to a decline in strength and endurance.
Additionally, dehydration can hamper the body’s ability to regulate temperature through sweat, which can result in heat exhaustion or heat stroke during intense physical activity. Both can become serious medical emergencies requiring urgent treatment.
Proper hydration is essential for optimal performance and to prevent these potential risks from occurring.
The human digestive system is extremely complex and relies on several organs for proper digestion to take place. The stomach releases acid, which helps to further break down food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva, whilst the pancreas produces a variety of enzymes that aid digestion by breaking down fats, carbohydrates, and protein.
However, water is also vital for good digestion to occur. This is because the digestive system relies on adequate hydration to function properly. Water is the basis of saliva, stomach acid, and digestive enzymes.
Dehydration can also lead to constipation as the body tries to conserve water, resulting in infrequent bowel movements and discomfort from hard stools.
Furthermore, dehydration can increase the risk of developing ulcers and acid reflux, as the stomach lining requires sufficient hydration to maintain its protective barrier.
A lack of water can also create an over-acidic environment in the stomach, which can lead to nausea and frequent heartburn after eating.
It is best to drink at least two litres of water a day to remain hydrated and help prevent any of these conditions from occurring. More fluid intake may be needed in hot and humid conditions or if physical activity is regularly undertaken.