Blastomycosis is a fungal infection that affects a person’s lungs and, in severe cases, may affect your skin, bones, kidneys, and even your brain. Blastomycosis infections are not very common, but this infection can be acquired when very small particles of the fungal spores that are in the air are inhaled. These infected spores are most commonly found in environmental areas where wood and leaves are decomposing and in moist soil.
The signs and symptoms of blastomycosis may vary in severity and can occur three weeks to three months after first exposure. Many people who breathe in these small spores will not get sick or even display signs and symptoms. But some may show some signs and symptoms, and in severe cases, hospitalization will be required. The following are signs and symptoms often associated with blastomycosis:
People with a weakened immune system or lung disorders are at a higher risk of being affected and becoming ill. It is important to seek advice from a healthcare professional if you develop the signs and symptoms mentioned and if you have been in high-risk areas.
Blastomycosis is caused by a fungus named Blastomyces. This fungus is usually found in contaminated soil or decomposing leaves and wood. When these areas where the fungus is present are disturbed, the fungal spores become airborne or float around in the air, increasing the risk of acquiring the infection.
People who spend time outdoors around wooded areas and excavation or digging sites are at an increased risk of acquiring this fungal infection. Blastomycosis is usually not contagious or spread from one person to another and may affect each infected person differently. Certain areas of the world are also at a higher risk of having this fungus.
Blastomycosis is diagnosed by blood tests and urine samples. Healthcare providers may ask health history questions and about your recent travel history to determine if you are at risk of having blastomycosis. They may also attempt to collect fluid from your respiratory tract to test for blastomycosis.
Fluid or tissue cultures may also be performed. This is when tissue or fluid samples are collected and then observed for growth in a lab. Imaging tests, such as a chest x-ray or a CT scan of your chest, may be ordered to get a visual of your lungs, especially if you are having difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Treatment of blastomycosis will vary depending on the severity of symptoms that a person is displaying. Some cases may only require monitoring symptoms and seeking treatment if the condition gets worse. Some people who are infected with blastomycosis will require antifungal medication prescribed by a healthcare provider. Mild to moderate symptoms will require antifungal medication treatment.
Severe cases will require stronger antifungal medications that require close monitoring during the course of treatment, requiring hospitalization. If the infection has spread to other parts of the body and depending on the infected person’s immune system, treatment time can range from six months to a year. If you have specific questions or concerns about treatment for blastomycosis, you should seek advice from a healthcare provider.