Search by name
logo

Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease is also known as chronic kidney failure. This condition causes a gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys are responsible for removing excess fluids from the blood, as well as filtering wastes from the blood. These wastes and fluids are then removed in the urine. When kidney function starts to be reduced, electrolytes and waste can build up in the body.

The early stages of chronic kidney disease can be hard to diagnose since the symptoms are frequently mild. Over time, the condition grows worse, and the symptoms become more pronounced.

Symptoms

The symptoms of chronic kidney disease can vary the most common symptoms are:

  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Sleep issues
  • Decreased mental sharpness
  • Urinating more or urinating less
  • Muscle cramps
  • Swollen feet and ankles
  • Itchy skin
  • High blood pressure (hypertension) that does not respond to treatment
  • Shortness of breath due to fluid in the lungs
  • Chest pain due to fluid building up in the lining of the heart

Causes & Risk Factors

Kidney disease is caused by conditions that impair kidney function. Anyone can get chronic kidney disease at any age, some people have an increased risk due to an existing medical condition. These conditions are:

  • Type 1 and 2 diabetes
  • High blood pressure
  • Glomerulonephritis, which is an inflammation of the filtering tubules in the kidney
  • Interstitial nephritis, which is an inflammation of the kidney tubules and surrounding structures
  • Polycystic kidney disease and other inherited kidney conditions
  • Obstruction of the urinary tract from things like an enlarged prostate, kidney stones, or certain cancers
  • Vesicoureteral reflux which is a condition that causes urine to back up into the kidneys
  • Frequent kidney infections

The risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease are:

  • Obesity
  • Heart disease
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Being Black, Asian America, or Native American
  • Abnormal kidney structure
  • A family history of kidney conditions or diseases
  • Aging
  • Use of certain medications that can harm the kidneys

Diagnosis

Other conditions can also cause these symptoms, so your doctor will need to do a full examination and run a variety of tests to confirm that your kidney function is to blame for these symptoms. Diagnosis is often made through blood tests and urine tests to look for the levels of waste products in your blood and urine.

Imaging tests can include ultrasound of the kidneys and imaging for any other related conditions that might be contributing to your chronic kidney disease. In some cases, a biopsy of the kidneys might be done to look for other issues like cancer. A biopsy of the kidney can also be used to determine why your kidney function is not optimal.

Treatment & Prevention

You can help to prevent kidney disease by stopping smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding the overuse of over-the-counter medications like Advil, Motrin, and Tylenol. If you have other conditions that can lead to kidney disease, you will want to be sure that you work with your doctor to create the right treatment plan to manage these conditions.

Treatment of chronic kidney disease includes the use of medications that will control high blood pressure and medications that are used to reduce swelling in the extremities. You might also be anaemic and need supportive care for this aspect of chronic kidney disease. Many people will also need help managing their cholesterol levels. Diet changes include switching to a lower-protein diet and avoiding sodium and sugary foods.

As chronic kidney disease grows more advanced, you might need to be treated with dialysis, which is a process by which wastes and excess fluids in your blood are removed. When your kidneys stop providing this function for your body, dialysis can take over. A kidney transplant might also be necessary for patients who qualify.

 
 
 

The content appearing on this site is not intended to treat, diagnose, or provide health care advice. The articles you read here are meant for informational purposes only. Please review additional information to learn more.