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Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is when the heart does not have a regular rhythm. The electrical impulses in the heart can be too slow or too fast, resulting in an irregular heartbeat.  When the heart has an irregular beat, the heart doesn’t pump blood properly.

This condition can affect the function of other organs including the lungs, brain, and kidneys causing damage to your health.

Medical professionals divide heart Arrhythmias into two groups;

  • Tachycardia– The heart rate is above 100 beats per minute  (fast heartbeat)
  • Bradycardia –  The heart rate is lower than 60 beats per minute (slow heartbeat)

Symptoms

The latest research has shown that the number of cardiac arrhythmias is South Africa has been continuously increasing. Most arrhythmia symptoms vary depending on the condition’s severity and type.  Some of the symptoms include:

  • Palpitations: A fluttering or racing heartbeat, often noticeable
  • Dizziness or light-headedness: This can occur when the heart is not pumping enough blood to the brain.
  • Shortness of breath: This can be a result of the heart not pumping enough blood to the body.
  • Chest pain or Discomfort: Chest pain or discomfort can occur when the heart is not pumping blood effectively.
  • Fatigue or Weakness: Fatigue and weakness can occur when the heart is not pumping enough blood to the body.
  • Fainting: This can occur when the heart is not pumping enough blood to the brain.
  • Rapid or Slow Heartbeat: A rapid or slow heartbeat can be a sign of arrhythmia.

Causes

There are several causes for irregular heartbeats.  For instance, you may develop arrhythmia due to:

  • Heart Disease: Certain heart conditions, such as heart attack, heart valve disease, and heart failure, can increase the risk of arrhythmias.
  • Structural Problems in the Heart: Abnormalities in the heart’s structure can lead to arrhythmias.
  • Electrolyte Imbalances: Electrolyte imbalances, such as low levels of potassium, magnesium, or calcium, can cause arrhythmias.
  • Medications: Some medications, such as stimulants and anti-arrhythmic drugs, can also cause or worsen arrhythmias.
  • Caffeine, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use: The use of these substances may lead to developing an irregular heartbeat.
  • Stress and Anxiety: Stress and anxiety can trigger arrhythmias in some people.
  • Thyroid Problems: An overactive or underactive thyroid can disturb your heart rate.
  • Sleep Apnea: This sleep disorder disrupts heart function and causes irregular heartbeat.
  • Age: As people age, their risk of developing arrhythmias increases.

Risk Factors

As Arrhythmia is linked to different health conditions, several factors increase the risk of arrhythmia.  Some common risk factors are:

  • Obesity: Obesity can increase the risk of developing arrhythmias.
  • Family history of arrhythmias: A family history of arrhythmias increases the risk of developing the condition.
  • Medical Conditions: Diabetes and sleep apnea are among the several medical conditions that can increase the risk of developing arrhythmias.
  • Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of developing arrhythmias.
  • High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can increase the risk of developing arrhythmias.

Diagnosis & Complications

Like other heart conditions, doctors need to run some essential diagnostic tests and clinical examinations to determine whether you have an arrhythmia or not. The three most common tests for this heart disease include:

  • Holter Monitor: This portable ECG is worn for 24 to 48 hours and records the heart’s electrical activity during normal daily activities.
  • Echocardiogram: This test uses ultrasound to create images of the heart and can help to identify structural problems that may be causing arrhythmias.
  • Stress Test: This test measures the heart’s electrical activity while the person is exercising and can help to identify arrhythmias that are triggered by physical activity.

It is crucial to see your doctor or cardiologist if you experience arrhythmias symptoms to avoid complications like sudden cardiac arrest or heart failure.

Treatment & Prevention

Treatment for arrhythmia depends on the type of arrhythmia and its primary cause, as well as the severity of symptoms. Anti-arrhythmic medications are the first treatment that can help to regulate the heart’s rhythm and prevent arrhythmias from occurring.

Depending on your condition, your doctor can use devices such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) to regulate the heart’s rhythm and provide electrical shocks to restore a normal heartbeat.

Eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding unhealthy habits, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can help to reduce the risk of arrhythmias.

 
 
 

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