Often occurring alongside restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is associated with involuntary muscle movements during sleep. The condition can sometimes accompany other disorders, such as narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnoea, but it can also occur independently of other health conditions.
While there is no cure for PLMD, certain medications can ease symptoms related to this sleep disorder. Possible treatments include:
These medications boost dopamine levels in the brain, which is a neurotransmitter that helps control muscle movement. Dopaminergic agents are effective, but they do not offer the same benefits to everyone with PLMD.
Benzodiazepines are a type of sedative that can stop bothersome muscle contractions during sleep. While helpful, benzodiazepines do carry a risk of abuse and dependence, so the medication must be taken according to your doctor’s instructions.
Like benzodiazepines, GABA receptor agonists can be used to relieve muscle contractions. However, these medications work by blocking neurotransmitters associated with muscle movements.
Anticonvulsant drugs, such as gabapentin, are also helpful for treating the muscle contractions that can occur with PLMD.
These medications can also be helpful for people with restless legs syndrome.
All medications come with risks and side effects, and the drugs used to treat PLMD are no exception. That is why it is important to talk with your doctor about any medications you are currently taking before starting a new drug regimen. This includes over-the-counter drugs and supplements you may be taking.
Your doctor will also discuss potential side effects and the best way to mitigate them. With benzodiazepines, the risk of dependence should be taken seriously. As a result, patients should never take more than prescribed or take the medication for non-essential reasons. If you are concerned about your dependence risk, you can explore other medication options with your doctor.