Pain disorders that affect sexual health are characterized by pain before, during, or after sexual intercourse. This pain can be experienced in different ways at different times and can be a sign of a medical condition or an indication that something may not be right with your sexual health.
Sexual pain disorders are estimated to impact 40 to 45 percent of females and 20 to 30 percent of males in South Africa.
The symptoms of sexual pain disorders often vary on the type and cause of the specific disorder, but some common symptoms are:
The causes of pain disorders are often complex and can be different for each individual. Here are some potential causes of pain during sexual activity.
There can be multiple risk factors that may lead you to develop sexual pain disorders. For example, you’re prone to develop sexual pain disorder if you have:
Sexual Trauma History: Sexual trauma including sexual abuse or assault can contribute to developing sexual pain disorders.
Medical Conditions: Endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and interstitial cystitis are some medical conditions that can increase the risk of sexual pain disorders.
Menopause: The hormonal changes that occur during menopause can cause vaginal dryness and thinning of the vaginal tissues. It can contribute to sexual pain disorders.
Anxiety or Depression: If you have anxiety or depression, you may be more likely to develop sexual pain disorders.
Inadequate Foreplay or Lubrication: Inadequate foreplay or lubrication during sexual activity can lead to friction and irritation, which can contribute to sexual pain disorders.
Typically, a healthcare provider may conduct a physical examination, review the individual’s medical history, and order various tests, such as pelvic exams, blood tests, cultures of vaginal or penile discharge, or imaging tests such as an ultrasound.
Some physical complications that are associated with sexual pain disorders are:
In cases where a medical condition causes pain, treatment may involve addressing the underlying condition with medication, physical therapy, counselling, and lubrication. However, in cases where the pain is chronic, and no underlying medical condition is identified; surgery may be recommended to treat the underlying cause of the sexual pain disorder.
Open and honest communication with sexual partners can help identify and address any issues that may contribute to sexual pain. Plus, using adequate lubrication can reduce friction during sexual activity and may help prevent sexual pain.
Seeking medical attention as soon as symptoms of a sexual pain disorder arise can help prevent complications and reduce the impact on sexual health and well-being.