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Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia usually occurs because of issues with vitamin D absorption. This causes softening of the bones. The body needs calcium for the hardness of the bones. In children, this condition is called by another name, which is rickets.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Osteomalacia are:

  • Bone fractures that are not related to the injury
  • Muscle weakness
  • Bone pain that is widespread
  • Pain in the hips
  • Numbness around the mouth
  • Spasms or cramping in the hands and feet
  • Numbness or tingling in the arms and legs

Causes & Risk Factors

The causes of Osteomalacia are:

  • Living in climates that offer limited exposure to sunlight
  • Having to stay indoors
  • Working indoors during daylight hours
  • Having dark skin pigmentation
  • Using strong sunscreen
  • Being lactose intolerant
  • Avoiding milk products
  • Following a vegetarian diet
  • Being unable to absorb vitamin D through the intestines due to gastric bypass surgery or other gastrointestinal diseases
  • Having cancer
  • Having kidney failure
  • Having liver disease
  • A diet with a lack of phosphates
  • Taking medications that prevent seizures

Diagnosis

This condition is easily diagnosed with a simple blood test. The blood test will look at the levels of vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium in the blood. The alkaline phosphatase levels will also be looked at in these tests since they are usually elevated in those with Osteomalacia. Another consideration is the parathyroid hormone which can be increased in reaction to low vitamin D.

X-rays might be needed to look at bone health since these patients are more prone to fractures and other problems with bone health.

Treatment & Prevention

Treatment of this condition is aimed at easing bone pain and preventing muscle weakness and cramps. This part of the treatment can take some time to go into effect. Vitamin D supplementation is commonly necessary to help these patients to get enough of this essential vitamin for good health.

Many patients will need lifelong treatment for this condition and might also require support of other organs, such as supportive care for kidney health. Most patients will need to avoid exercise until damage to their bones has healed as well.

Prevention of this condition is not always possible. Some people are not aware that they have underlying conditions that are causing Osteomalacia until symptoms are very evident. Patients can avoid smoking, gaining weight, and spending too much time inside, away from the sun, to try and prevent problems related to Osteomalacia. A diet that is rich in vitamin D and calcium can also go a long way toward preventing Osteomalacia as well. Making sure to get enough exercise can help with bone density and strength, and once patients are released to go back to working out, they should remain on a consistent schedule.

 
 
 

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