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Insomnia

Insomnia is a sleep disorder where people have trouble getting a good night’s sleep, staying asleep, or falling asleep. These problems persist despite having a perfect environment and time to sleep well. Insomnia can impact your daily activities, make you less productive and focused, and impact your relationships. It can make you sleepy and lethargic during the daytime.

There are two times of Insomnia: short-term and chronic. Short-term insomnia can develop due to changes in your environment, schedule, or stress, with symptoms lasting for a few days to weeks. Long-term insomnia or chronic insomnia can happen 3 or more times a week. This can even last for more than 3 months. It can be triggered for a varitety of different reasons.

Symptoms

The amount of sleep each person needs varies from person to person, but most adults need seven to eight hours a night.  Disruptions like insomnia commonly cause symptoms that affect you while you’re awake. Common symptoms of insomnia are:

  • Daytime sleepiness or tiredness
  • Depression, irritability, or anxiety
  • Difficulty falling asleep at night
  • Waking up too early
  • Wake up during the night
  • Ongoing worries about sleep
  • Increased accidents or errors
  • Difficulty focusing on remembering tasks
  • Struggling to pay attention

Causes

It is unclear exactly why insomnia happens, the current understanding is that this condition can involve many factors. Some of these factors could be the cause of the condition, or it could simply contribute to it. More research is necessary to understand exactly how and why insomnia happens. Primary causes of insomnia include:

  • Things in your surrounding like light, noise, or temperature
  • Stress caused by big life events, such as the death of loved ones, moving to another place, loss of job, or divorce
  • Your genes can lead to insomnia. Research indicates that insomnia can be passed to generations
  • Changes in your sleep schedule, like bad habits you pick up when you experience sleep problems, a new shift at work, and jet lag.

Secondary causes that result in insomnia are:

  • Medications for allergies, colds, high blood pressure, depression, and asthma
  • Mental health problems, like anxiety and depression
  • Discomfort or pain at night
  • Alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine use and use of illicit drugs
  • Pregnancy
  • Hyperthyroidism and other endocrine problems
  • Menopause and PMS
  • ADHD
  • Alzheimer’s diseases
  • Other types of sleep disorders like restless legs syndrome or sleep apnea

Reference Articles

Diagnosis & Complications

The diagnosis process is simple. Your health expert will perform a physical exam and ask about your sleep and medical history. They may ask you to maintain a sleep diary for a couple of weeks to track how you feel during the day and your sleep patterns. They can also talk to your partner to learn more about your sleeping cycles. You may also undergo a special test in a sleep centre.

When insomnia gets severe and last for several weeks, it can lead to sleep deprivation. The major problem with sleep deprivation is daytime sleepiness, which impacts your life and can be dangerous if you are driving. Sleep deprivation can also trigger the risk of certain health conditions:

  • Heart attack
  • High blood pressure
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Obesity
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Psychosis
  • Obstructive sleep apnea

Treatment & Prevention

Changing sleep habits and dealing with any issues that may be associated with insomnia, such as stress, medical conditions or medications, can restore restful sleep for many people.  Your doctor will offer you different treatment approaches. Some of the common ones are:

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT-I)
  • Sleep medications
  • Aromatherapy
  • Yoga
  • Hypnosis

If insomnia is linked with other health problems like depression or sleep apnea, your health provider will first try to treat the initial cause. You can prevent insomnia by keeping your bedtime and waking time consistent, avoiding naps, staying active, taking medications, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol several hours before bedtime.

 
 
 

The content appearing on this site is not intended to treat, diagnose, or provide health care advice. The articles you read here are meant for informational purposes only. Please review additional information to learn more.